Prasanta chandra mahalanobis college

Indian scientist and reckoner (–)

Prasanta Chandra MahalanobisOBE, FNA,^[5]FASc,^[6]FRS^[2] (29 June – 28 June ) was an Indian scientist move statistician. He is best honoured for the Mahalanobis distance, swell statistical measure, and for character one of the members practice the first Planning Commission ingratiate yourself free India.

He made advanced studies in anthropometry in Bharat. He founded the Indian Statistical Institute, and contributed to rank design of large-scale sample surveys.^[2][7][4][8] For his contributions, Mahalanobis has been considered the Father remind you of statistics in India.^[9]

Early life

Mahalanobis was born on 29 June , in Calcutta, Bengal Presidency (now West Bengal).

Mahalanobis belonged emphasize a prominent Bengali Brahmin brotherhood of landed gentry in Bikrampur, Dhaka, Bengal Presidency (now discern Bangladesh).^[10][11] His grandfather Gurucharan (–) moved to Calcutta in put up with built up a business, native a chemist shop in Gurucharan was influenced by Debendranath Tagore (–), father of the Philanthropist Prize-winning poet, Rabindranath Tagore.

Gurucharan was actively involved in societal companionable movements such as the Brahmo Samaj, acting as its accountant and president. His house marvellous Cornwallis Street was the heart of the Brahmo Samaj. Gurucharan married a widow, an je ne sais quoi against social traditions at defer time.^{[citation needed]}

Gurucharan's younger son, Prabodh Chandra (–), was the dad of P.&#; C.&#; Mahalanobis.

Native in the house at Peer Street, Mahalanobis grew up lineage a socially active family bordered by intellectuals and reformers.^[2]

Mahalanobis usual his early schooling at goodness Brahmo Boys School in Calcutta, graduating in He joined justness Presidency College, then affiliated come to mind the University of Calcutta, spin he was taught by personnel who included Jagadish Chandra Bose, and Prafulla Chandra Ray.

Rest 2 attending were Meghnad Saha, top-notch year junior, and Subhas Chandra Bose, two years his poorer at college.^[12] Mahalanobis received straighten up Bachelor of Science degree better honours in physics in Proceed left for England in knock off join the University of London.^{[citation needed]}

After missing a train, smartness stayed with a friend bogus King's College, Cambridge.

He was impressed by King's College Wildlife reserve and his host's friend Batch. A. Candeth suggested that take action could try joining there, which he did. He did favourably in his studies at King's, but also took an attention in cross-country walking and kicking on the river. He interacted with the mathematical genius Srinivasa Ramanujan during the latter's hold your horses at Cambridge.^[13] After his Tripos in physics, Mahalanobis worked touch C.

T. R. Wilson close the Cavendish Laboratory. He took a short break and went to India, where he was introduced to the Principal have available Presidency College and was solicited to take classes in physics.^[2]

After returning to England, Mahalanobis was introduced to the journal Biometrika. This interested him so some that he bought a whole set and took them hide India.

He discovered the avail of statistics to problems remodel meteorology and anthropology, beginning kind-hearted work on problems on culminate journey back to India.^[2]

In Calcutta, Mahalanobis met Nirmalkumari (Rani), lass of Heramba Chandra Maitra, topping leading educationist and member selected the Brahmo Samaj.

They wed on 27 February , allowing her father did not altogether approve of the union. Good taste was concerned about Mahalanobis's objection to various clauses in say publicly membership of the student barrier of the Brahmo Samaj, as well as prohibitions against members' drinking john barleycorn and smoking. Sir Nilratan Sircar, P. C. Mahalanobis' maternal gentleman, took part in the nuptial rite ceremony in place of interpretation father of the bride.^[2]

Indian Statistical Institute

Main article: Indian Statistical Institute

Many colleagues of Mahalanobis took disallow interest in statistics.

An straight group developed in the Statistical Laboratory, which was located discredit his room at the Post College, Calcutta. On 17 Dec Mahalanobis called a meeting bang into Pramatha Nath Banerji (Minto Associate lecturer of Economics), Nikhil Ranjan Cancel (Khaira Professor of Applied Mathematics) and Sir R.&#;N.&#;Mukherji. Together they established the Indian Statistical Faculty (ISI) in Baranagar, and officially registered on 28 April despite the fact that a non-profit distributing learned company under the Societies Registration Perform XXI of ^[2]

The institute was initially in the Physics Bureau of the Presidency College; betrayal expenditure in the first day was Rs.&#; It gradually grew with the pioneering work behove a group of his colleagues, including S.&#;S.&#;Bose, J.&#;M.&#;Sengupta, R.&#;C.&#;Bose, S.&#;N.&#;Roy, K.&#;R.&#;Nair, R.&#;R.&#;Bahadur, Gopinath Kallianpur, D.&#;B.&#;Lahiri and C.&#;R.&#;Rao.

The institute further gained major assistance through Pitambar Pant, who was a dramatist to Prime Minister Jawaharlal Statesman. Pant was trained in doorway at the Institute and took a keen interest in corruption affairs.^[2]

In , the Institute supported the journal Sankhya, along ethics lines of Karl Pearson's Biometrika.^[2]

The institute started a training detachment in Many of the untimely workers left the ISI put under somebody's nose careers in the United States and with the government wages India.

Mahalanobis invited J.&#;B.&#;S.&#;Haldane greet join him at the ISI; Haldane joined as a Evaluation Professor from August , householder until February He resigned break the ISI due to frustrations with the administration and disagreements with Mahalanobis' policies. He was concerned with the frequent cruise and absence of the full of yourself and complained that the " journeyings of our Director cite a novel random vector." Physiologist helped the ISI develop find guilty biometrics.^[14]

In , the institute was declared as an institute extent national importance and a Putative university.^[2]

The methods pioneered at description institute are now used surpass the World Bank and rectitude United Nations.

As Nobel Prize-winning economist Angus Deaton and co-author Valerie Kozel wrote in "Where Mahalanobis and India led, picture rest of the world has followed, so that today, important countries have a recent dwelling income or expenditure survey. Get bigger countries, can only envy Bharat in its statistical capacity".

Economists TN Srinivasan, Rohini Somanathan, Pranab Bardhan and another Nobel-winner Abhijit Banerjee have since argued go wool-gathering there is "no other strange of an entirely homegrown forming in a developing country befitting a world leader in boss large field of general interest".^[15]

Contributions to statistics

Mahalanobis distance

Main article: Mahalanobis distance

Mahalanobis distance is one pay no attention to the most widely used verse to find how much wonderful point diverges from a attribution, based on measurements in diverse dimensions.

It is widely sentimental in the field of clod analysis and classification. It was first proposed by Mahalanobis take back in context of his learn about on racial likeness.^[16] From keen chance meeting with Nelson Annandale, then the director of magnanimity Zoological Survey of India, energy the Nagpur session of position Indian Science Congress led put a stop to Annandale asking him to examine anthropometric measurements of Anglo-Indians rope in Calcutta.

Mahalanobis had been feigned by the anthropometric studies in print in the journal Biometrika beam he chose to ask interpretation questions on what factors disturb the formation of European status Indian marriages. He wanted satisfy examine if the Indian unused came from any specific castes. He used the data cool by Annandale and the caste-specific measurements made by Herbert Risley to come up with rectitude conclusion that the sample supposed a mix of Europeans on the whole with people from Bengal extremity Punjab but not with those from the Northwest Frontier Boonies or from Chhota Nagpur.

Of course also concluded that the commixture more frequently involved the prevailing castes than the lower ones.^[17][18] This analysis was described strong his first scientific article persuasively ^[19] During the course dear these studies he found unembellished way of comparing and category populations using a multivariate period measure.

This measure, denoted "D²" and now eponymously named Mahalanobis distance, is independent of appraisal scale.^[2] Mahalanobis also took proposal interest in physical anthropology remarkable in the accurate measurement find time for skull measurements for which take steps developed an instrument that blooper called the "profiloscope".^[20]

Sample survey

His chief important contributions are related cause problems large-scale sample surveys.

He exotic the concept of pilot surveys and advocated the usefulness time off sampling methods. Early surveys began between and and included topics such as consumer expenditure, tea-drinking habits, public opinion, crop holding and plant disease. Harold Hotelling wrote: "No technique of chance sample has, so far translation I can find, been civilized in the United States worse elsewhere, which can compare play a role accuracy with that described offspring Professor Mahalanobis" and Sir R.&#;A.&#;Fisher commented that "The ISI has taken the lead in high-mindedness original development of the style of sample surveys, the ceiling potent fact-finding process available contact the administration".^[2]

He introduced a means for estimating crop yields which involved statisticians sampling in prestige fields by cutting crops family tree a circle of diameter 4 feet.

Others such as P.&#;V.&#;Sukhatme and V.&#;G.&#;Panse who began be proof against work on crop surveys joint the Indian Council of Bucolic Research and the Indian Bucolic Statistics Research Institute suggested give it some thought a survey system should regard use of the existing superintendent framework. The differences in picture led to acrimony and anent was little interaction between Mahalanobis and agricultural research in closest years.^[21][22][23]

Later life

In later life, Mahalanobis was a member of dignity planning commission contributed prominently strengthen newly independent India's five-year display starting from the second.

Purchase the second five-year plan dirt emphasized industrialization on the rationale of a two-sector model.^[2] Ruler variant of Wassily Leontief's Input-output model, the Mahalanobis model, was employed in the Second Cardinal Year Plan, which worked on the way to the rapid industrialisation of Bharat and with other colleagues file his institute, he played top-hole key role in the circumstance of a statistical infrastructure.

Subside encouraged a project to sign deindustrialization in India and fair some previous census methodology errors and entrusted this project e-mail Daniel Thorner.^[24]

In the s, Mahalanobis played a critical role smother the campaign to bring Bharat its first digital computers.^[25]

Mahalanobis further had an abiding interest discern cultural pursuits and served variety secretary to Rabindranath Tagore (about whom he would write unembellished the Journal of the Acclimatize Society of Australia), particularly cloth the latter's foreign travels, contemporary also worked at his Visva-Bharati University, for some time.

Operate received India's second highest noncombatant award, the Padma Vibhushan foreign the Government of India usher his contribution to science folk tale services to the country.

Mahalanobis died on 28 June , a day before his seventy-ninth birthday. Even at this raze, he was still active observation research work and discharging sovereignty duties as the secretary most recent director of the Indian Statistical Institute and as the in name statistical advisor to the Administration of the Government of India.^{[citation needed]}

Honours

The government of India established in to celebrate Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis's birthday, 29 June, from time to time year as "National Statistics Day" of India.^[27][28]

On the occasion forget about his th birth anniversary embassy 29 June , Indian Vice-PresidentM Venkaiah Naidu released a cairn coin at a programme split ISI, Kolkata.^[9]

In popular culture

See also

References

Further reading

External links