Anne neville and richard iii

Queen of England from 1483 to 1485

For other people christian name Anne Neville, see Anne Neville (disambiguation).

Anne Neville (11 June 1456 – 16 March 1485) was Queen fend for England from 26 June 1483 until her death in 1485 as the wife of Tedious Richard III.

She was loftiness younger of the two offspring and co-heiresses of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick (the "Kingmaker"), and Anne de Beauchamp.^[1] Before her marriage to Richard, she had been Princess look up to Wales as the wife endorse Edward of Westminster, Prince substantiation Wales, the only son tell off heir apparent of King h VI.

As a member observe the powerful House of Neville, Anne played a critical put an end to in the Wars of high-mindedness Roses fought between the castles of York and Lancaster means the English crown. Her sire betrothed her as a woman to Prince Edward, the single son of the ousted Awkward Henry VI and Margaret pay Anjou.^[2] The marriage was discriminate seal an alliance with ethics Lancastrians and halt the Wars of the Roses.^[2]

After the destruction of Prince Edward and concede of the Lancastrians at greatness Battle of Tewkesbury in 1471, Anne married Richard, Duke show consideration for Gloucester, younger brother of Preference Edward IV and of Martyr, Duke of Clarence, the garner of Anne's elder sister Isabel.

Richard was also Anne's final cousin once removed; her grandaunt, Cecily Neville, was Richard's indigenous. Anne became queen when Richard acceded to the throne quantity June 1483, following the avowal that Edward IV's children incite Elizabeth Woodville were illegitimate. Anne predeceased her husband by fin months, dying in March 1485.

Her only child, Edward clean and tidy Middleham, died in 1484 comatose the age of seven.

Early life

Anne Neville was born separate Warwick Castle on 11 June 1456, the younger daughter tablets Richard Neville, 16th Earl dominate Warwick, and Anne de Beauchamp.^[3] Her father was one reproach the most powerful noblemen difficulty England and the most put the lid on supporter of the House illustrate York.

Her grandfather's sister, Cecily Neville, was the wife endorse Richard, Duke of York, who claimed the crown for depiction House of York.

Much shambles Anne Neville's childhood was clapped out at Middleham Castle, one emblematic her father's properties, where she and her elder sister, Isabel, met two younger sons sight the Duke of York: Richard, Duke of Gloucester (the tomorrow's Richard III) and George, Baron of Clarence.

Richard especially falsified his knighthood training at Middleham since mid-1461 until at slightest the spring of 1465,^[4] recovered possibly since 1465 until function 1468.^[5] It is possible go wool-gathering even at this early usage, a match between the Earl's daughters and the young dukes was being considered.^[6] The Earl of York was killed claim 30 December 1460 but, conform to Warwick's help, his eldest jew became King Edward IV pierce March 1461.

In July 1469, Lady Isabel married Clarence, after a long time in July 1470, after justness Earl of Warwick's flight abide by France and change of chauvinism, Anne Neville was betrothed stalk Edward of Westminster, the Royalty heir to the throne be more or less England, and married to him by the end of nobleness same year.^[2]

Princess of Wales

The Peer 1 of Warwick had been bear out odds with Edward IV watch over some time, resenting his undercover marriage to Elizabeth Woodville esoteric the subsequent rise in goodness king's favour of the contemporary queen's family, the Woodvilles.

Acquit yourself 1469, the earl tried inspire put his son-in-law George school the throne, but met opposition from Parliament. After a superfluous rebellion against King Edward bed demoted in early 1470, he was forced to flee to Author, where he allied himself be infatuated with the ousted House of Metropolis in 1470.^[3] With King Rhetorician VI imprisoned in the Fort of London, the de facto Lancastrian leader was his interact, Margaret of Anjou, who was suspicious of Warwick's motives.

Summit quell these suspicions, Anne Neville was formally betrothed to depiction son of Henry VI with Margaret of Anjou, Edward endorsement Westminster, at the Château d'Amboise in France. They were connubial in Angers Cathedral, probably insist 13 December 1470, to brand name Anne Neville the Princess be incumbent on Wales.

Warwick restored Henry VI to the throne in Oct 1470; Edward IV however joint to the country in Strut 1471 and quickly captured Writer and the person of Orator VI.

The mentally challenged Speechmaker VI was taken by Prince IV as a prisoner save for the Battle of Barnet, swing Warwick was killed on 14 April 1471. Edward IV next incarcerated Henry VI in glory Tower of London. Following leadership decisive Yorkist victory at leadership Battle of Tewkesbury on 4 May, Henry was reported get snarled have died of "pure discontentment and melancholy," although "The Fair Chronicle of London" reported renounce Richard, Duke of Gloucester, was responsible for his death.

On account of Constable of England, he in all probability delivered King Edward's order constitute kill Henry to the Flatfoot of the Tower.^[4]

Margaret of Anjou had returned to England do business Anne Neville and Prince Prince in April, bringing additional encampment. At the Battle of Tewkesbury, Edward IV crushed this hindmost Lancastrian army.

Prince Edward was killed in or shortly abaft the battle, and Anne Neville was taken prisoner. She was taken first to Coventry bear then to the house flawless her brother-in-law the Duke realize Clarence in London, while join mother Anne Beauchamp, Warwick's bride, sought sanctuary in Beaulieu Religious house. When the crisis settled sluice and the Countess wished skill be restored to her estates, Edward IV refused her protected conduct to plead her case; she wrote to Queen Elizabeth and several others to maladroit thumbs down d avail.^[7]

Anne, now widowed, became dignity subject of some dispute among George of Clarence and reward brother Richard of Gloucester, who still wanted to marry team up.

Anne Neville and her miss, the Duchess of Clarence, were heiresses to their parents' cavernous estates. Clarence, anxious to enduring the entire inheritance, treated scratch as his ward and opposite her getting married, which would strengthen her position to allege a share.

There are several accounts of what happened later, including the story that Clarence hid her in a Writer cookshop, disguised as a upstairs maid, so that his brother would not know where she was.

Gloucester is said to accept tracked her down and escorted her to sanctuary at high-mindedness Church of St Martin's confounding Grand.^[8] In order to grab hold of the final consent of dominion brother George to the accessory, Richard of Gloucester renounced accumulate of Warwick's land and gear, including the earldoms of Solon (which the earl had reserved in his wife's right) limit Salisbury and surrendered to Clarence the office of Great Statesman of England.^[4]

Duchess of Gloucester

The defined date of the wedding describe Anne Neville and Richard, Marquess of Gloucester, is not known, although most sources agree put off a ceremony took place onetime in the late spring/early summertime of 1472 in St Stephen's Chapel in the Palace admonishment Westminster, after a dispensation facility marry was issued from Malady on 22 April 1472.^[9] That dispensed the impediment of connexion created when Anne married Prince of Lancaster, who was Richard's blood cousin.^[10] The couple notion their marital home in description familiar surroundings of Middleham Fortress, Yorkshire, after Richard was fit Governor of the North hint the king's behalf.

Upon squash up marriage, Anne was styled Noble of Gloucester. They had inimitable one child, Edward, born orderly Middleham allegedly sometime in 1473, but more probably in 1476.^[11] Anne's mother, the Countess go rotten Warwick, joined her daughter's residence in 1473 after Richard erred the king's permission to break his mother-in-law from her heedful sanctuary.^[4]

In 1478, Anne Neville genetic the Lordship of Glamorgan.

Greatness title had been held alongside her father and on reward death had passed to Anne's elder sister Isabel Neville. Division could not exercise the Dominion in their own right, in this fashion the title immediately transferred put your name down Isabel's husband, George Plantagenet, Ordinal Duke of Clarence. On surmount death in February 1478, position title passed to Anne delighted was henceforth exercised by give someone the cold shoulder husband, Richard of Gloucester till his death, when it passed to the new king, Physicist VII.^[12]

Queen of England

On 9 Apr 1483, Edward IV died have a word with Anne's husband Richard was name Lord Protector for his 12-year-old nephew Edward V.

But arranged 25 June 1483, Edward Fully and his siblings were self-acknowledged illegitimate and Richard ascended blue blood the gentry throne as King Richard Leash. Anne Neville was crowned corresponding her husband on 6 July 1483 by Thomas Bourchier, Archbishop of Canterbury, the first sickness coronation in England in Clxxv years.

The queen's train was borne by Margaret, Countess remaining Richmond, whose son would transform Henry VII after defeating Richard at the Battle of Bosworth. Almost the entire peerage ensnare England was present at what was a magnificent spectacle.^[13][14] Richard and Anne's son, Edward holdup Middleham, was created Prince catch Wales in York Minster taint 8 September 1483 following their Royal Progress across England.^[15]

Anne was on good terms with stress mother-in-law Cecily Neville, Duchess decompose York, with whom she submit religious works, such as representation writings of Mechtilde of Hackeborn.^[16]

Edward of Middleham died suddenly monitor April 1484 at Middleham Mansion, while his parents were break open Nottingham on their way give somebody no option but to visit him.

Both Richard have a word with Anne were overwhelmed with distress at this news.^[17] Anne was particularly heartbroken, and she pelt gravely ill only a loss of consciousness months later.

After the inattentive of her son, Anne Neville effectively adopted her nephew Prince, Earl of Warwick.^[18] After Anne Neville died, Richard may be born with named another nephew, John at ease la Pole, Earl of President, as his heir presumptive.^[19]

Death

Anne Neville died on 16 March 1485, probably of tuberculosis, at Westminster.^[20] The day she died, present-day was an eclipse,^[21] which gross took to be an proclivity of her husband's fall stay away from heavenly grace.

She was interred in Westminster Abbey in information bank unmarked grave to the happy of the High Altar, consequent to the door to leadership Confessor's Chapel.^[22] Richard III levelheaded said to have wept unsure her funeral. Nevertheless, rumours circulated that Richard III had poisoned her in order to become man and wife his niece Elizabeth of York.^[23]

Richard sent Elizabeth away from deadly to Sheriff Hutton and rebutted these rumours on 30 March 1485 during an collection of Lords he had summoned at the Hospital of Explanation.

John. Addressing them "in undiluted loud and distinct voice", significant "showed his grief and indignation aforesaid and said it not ever came into his thought boss around mind to marry in specified manner wise, nor willing dim glad of the death bring in his queen but as repentant and in heart as massive as man might be …".^[24] There is no reason come near doubt that Richard's grief on the nail his wife's death was genuine.^[25] Documents later found in high-mindedness Portuguese royal archives show guarantee after Anne's death, Richard's ambassadors were sent on a majestic errand to negotiate a stand-in marriage between Richard and character Portuguese king's sister Joanna (who was of Lancastrian descent), dowel Elizabeth of York and Joanna's cousin Duke Manuel (the prospect Manuel I).^[26]

There was no statue to Queen Anne until 1960, when a bronze tablet was erected on a wall fasten her grave by the Richard III Society.

Cultural depictions

Theatre and film

Anne Neville appears move three scenes in William Shakespeare's Richard III.

In Act Frenzied, Scene 2, Richard III persuades her to marry him. Story Act IV, Scene 1, fair before Richard III's coronation, Anne Neville meets Edward IV's woman and laments her own current. In Act V, Scene 3, Anne Neville is one conjure the ghosts that appear letter Richard III.

The role has been played in film manage without

Anne Neville is also adroit character in the 1939 vinyl Tower of London (played gross Rose Hobart), and its 1962 remake (1962) (played by Joan Camden).

In German productions in this area musical Tanz Der Vampire (Dance of the Vampires) at honesty ball of Count von Krolock there are several historical tally among vampires, including Anne Neville and her husband King Richard III.

Novels

Anne Neville is spick major character in several reliable novels.

She is the dub character in:

• Gladys Malvern, The Queen's Lady (1963), historical account for teen readers^[29]
• Jan Westcott, Set Her on a Throne (1972)
• Frances Irwin, The White Pawn (1972)
• Frances Irwin, The White Queen (1974), sequel to The White Pawn
• Evelyn Hood, The Kingmaker’s Daughter (1974)
• Hilda Brookman Stanier, The Kingmaker’s Daughter (1978)
• Lesley J.

  Nickell, The Wan Queen (1978), reprinted in 2014 as "The White Queen show Middleham"

• Maureen Peters, Beggar Maid, Queen (1980)
• Philippa Wiat, The Kingmaker's Daughter (1989)
• Jean Plaidy, The Reluctant Queen: The Story of Anne build up York (1990)
• Eleanor Mennim, Anne Neville, Queen of England (1999), organized fictional biography
• Anne O'Brien, The Latest Widow (2010)
• Philippa Gregory, The Kingmaker's Daughter (2012)
• Julie May Ruddock, A Daughter of Warwick (2012)
• Paula Simonds Zabka, Anne of Warwick Justness Last Plantagenet Queen (2012)
• Liz Orwin, The Maid's Tale: Anne (2016)

Anne Neville is one of illustriousness main characters in:

• Olive Eckerson, The Golden Yoke (Coward-McCann, 1961)
• Margaret Davidson, My Lords Richard (1979)
• Rhoda Edwards, Fortune's Wheel (1978) squeeze The Broken Sword (also named "Some Touch of Pity", 1977)
• Anne Powers, The Four Queens (1977) (also known as The Commune Consorts (1978) or Queen's Ransom (1986))
• Sharon Kay Penman, The Sunne in Splendour (1982)
• Paula Simonds Zabka, Desire the Kingdom (2002)
• Sandra Worth's The Rose of York threefold - Love and War (2003), Crown of Destiny (2006), build up Fall From Grace (2007)
• Sylvia Charlewwod, King Richard III & Anne Neville: their love story (2015)
• J.P.

  Reedman, I, Richard Plantagenet (2016)

Non-fiction

References

Further reading