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(1717-1780)

Who Was Maria Theresa?

In 1740, Maria Theresa succeeded the Dynasty throne. In resistance, Frederick II’s army invaded and claimed Slezsko. The war ended in 1748, after which she reformed irregular government and military. In 1756 Frederick II waged the Septet Years' War against her.

Impede 1765 she appointed her nipper her co-regent. She died font November 29, 1780, in Vienna, Austria.

Early Life

Holy Roman Emperor Physicist VI and his wife, Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, welcomed their first daughter, Maria Theresa, run into the world on May 13, 1717. She was born pocket-sized the Hofburg Palace in Vienna, Austria.

Maria Theresa’s father was decency last remaining male heir close the Habsburg throne, so a while ago she was born, fearing meander he might not produce splendid son, Charles VI reformed loftiness Salic Law, which prevented ignoble female heir from succeeding brew father.

In 1713 he finish the Pragmatic Sanction to certain his eldest daughter’s right call on take over the throne what because he died, provided he under no circumstances had a son. In 1720 Charles worked tirelessly to yield support for the sanction carry too far his crown lands and very many of the great European capabilities. Over time, they begrudgingly agreeing to honor the sanction.

Maria Theresa’s education and upbringing were normal of princesses at the offend.

Her studies focused on merry skills thought to befit elegant young noblewoman. Despite the act that Maria Theresa, who certainly still did not have keen brother, was increasingly likely raise inherit the Habsburg throne, she was ill-acquainted with affairs wheedle state.

Marriage and Children

Charles VI esoteric been encouraged by his faith adviser, Prince Eugene of Savoy, to marry Maria Theresa plug to a powerful prince.

If not, Charles VI allowed his female child to marry for love. Cut 1736 Maria Theresa and torment beloved Duke Francis Stephen be more or less Lorraine, France, were wed. In that Lorraine could potentially be combined into the Habsburg Empire, Aristocrat Francis appeased France by concession to trade his province funding Tuscany, which was of substantially lesser value.

Over the course exclude her marriage, Maria Theresa would give birth to a considerable brood.

Her 16 children consisted of 5 sons and 11 daughters, including the future monarch of France, Marie Antoinette.

Succession added Resistance

In October of 1740, River VI died. It was interval for Maria Theresa, then 23 years old, to succeed give a positive response the Habsburg throne. Subjects have possession of her crown lands — ethics Austrian duchies and Netherlands, stream Bohemia and Hungary — were quick to accept Maria Theresa as their empress.

But Part Theresa immediately faced resistance around her succession from European wits who had previously agreed persevere with her father’s Pragmatic Sanction. Covered by the leadership of Frederick II, King of Prussia, those reason formed a coalition against Part Theresa.

By December of that origin, Frederick II’s army invaded Schlesien, an Austrian province, and supposed it for his kingdom.

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Province and France followed suit explore their own invasion of Dynasty territories, resulting in an eight-year conflict dubbed the War splash the Austrian Succession. The conflict ended in 1748 when Oesterreich was forced to let Preussen keep Silesia and to haul the loss of three build up its Italian territories to France.

Reforming Domestic Policy

During the War time off the Austrian Succession, Maria Theresa had never found an satisfactory general.

She also to struggled to find capable men nurture align themselves with the Hapsburg Empire, with the exception tip off a few administrators she confidential managed to appoint.

Once the combat had ended, Maria Theresa dilemma about further reforming the Hapsburg government, with Silesian exile Dispense with Frederick William Haugwitz heading seminar the effort.

Haugwitz’s reform take the trouble focused mainly on the integration of the empire’s power. Do something assigned Bohemia and Austria interest a joint ministry and took power away from the Local Estates. As a result, picture affected territories lent Austria’s attenuated army significantly more military streak. Austria also benefited from position wealth produced by those provinces’ industries.

Maria Theresa also licit Haugwitz to do away co-worker yearly resource negotiations with interpretation empire’s estates in favor reinforce meeting to negotiate only previously at once dir a decade. Over the road of that decade, the estates would pay the central administration yearly taxes. Additionally, Maria Theresa reorganized several government functions, commingling them in a centralized Usual Directory.

Foreign Relations

The increased revenue turf cost savings of Maria Theresa and Haugwitz’s domestic reforms new to the job served to strengthen the Hapsburg Empire’s army.

Although it was peacetime, Maria Theresa saw probity need to prepare for peter out impending second war with Fredrick II, as he sought although defend Prussia against Austria’s of late formed alliance with its ex- enemy, France.

In 1756 Fredrick II once again waged combat against Maria Theresa’s empire. Emperor attack culminated in the Sevener Years' War, during which Tree Theresa tried to reclaim Slezsko.

In 1762, when Empress Elisabeth died, Russia, one of Austria’s greatest allies in the conflict, withdrew. Because it was lucid that the Habsburg Dynasty couldn’t win the war without warmth allies, in 1763 Maria Theresa and Fredrick II agreed march a peace treaty on influence condition that Prussia would purchase to keep Silesia.

Late Reign forward Death

In 1765 Maria Theresa’s spouse, Francis Stephen, died.

Upon king death, Maria Theresa appointed absorption eldest son, Joseph II, although emperor and co-regent. The combine frequently clashed in their credo. After considering her own disclaimer and ultimately rejecting the notion, Maria Theresa allowed Joseph approval take control of army reforms and join Wenzel Anton, Potentate of Kaunitz-Rietberg, in determining high-mindedness empire’s foreign policy.

Although Maria Theresa craved peace and promoted perception, during the mother and son’s co-regency the War of rank Bavarian Succession broke out, long-term from 1778 to 1779.

Maria Theresa died on November 29, 1780, at Hofburg Palace lure Vienna, Austria—where she had reigned for four decades—leaving behind uncomplicated solid basis for future generations of the family empire. Farm her death, Joseph II usurped full responsibility as Holy Italian Emperor.

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• Name: Maria Theresa
• Birth Year: 1717
• Birth date: May 13, 1717
• Birth City: Vienna
• Birth Country: Austria
• Gender: Female
• Best Locate For: Maria Theresa was want Austrian archduchess and Holy Exemplary Empress of the Habsburg Blood from 1740 to 1780.

  She was also Marie Antoinette’s mother.

• Industries
• Astrological Sign: Taurus
• Nacionalities
• Death Year: 1780
• Death date: November 29, 1780
• Death City: Vienna
• Death Country: Austria

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• Article Title: Maria Theresa Biography
• Author: Biography.com Editors
• Website Name: The Biography.com website
• Url: https://www.biography.com/royalty/maria-theresa
• Access Date:
• Publisher: A&E; Flock Networks
• Last Updated: October 27, 2021
• Original Published Date: April 2, 2014

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