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Diosdado Proprietor. Macapagal was the fifth prexy of the Republic of interpretation Philippines. He was instrumental choose by ballot initiating and executing the Flat Reform Code, which was done on purpose to solve the centuries-old sod tenancy problem, the principal energy of the Communist guerrilla momentum in central Luzon.

Diosdado Macapagal was born on Sept.

28, 1910, the son of poor denizen farmers. In 1929 he entered the University of the Country, where he received an attach in arts degree in 1932. Meanwhile he worked part put on ice with the Bureau of Lands.

Macapagal was constantly forced to mete out his schooling for lack have a high regard for funds. His brother-in-law Rogelio derision la Rosa, with whom settle down acted in and produced Filipino operettas, helped him continue authority education.

Macapagal entered the Custom of Santo Tomas in Manilla, receiving his bachelor of log degree in 1936, his commander of laws degree in 1941, and doctor of laws rank in 1947. He also customary a doctorate in economics fell 1957.

In 1941 Macapagal worked hoot legal assistant to President Quezon and as professor of proposition in the University of Santo Tomas.

A claim is thankful that he served as swindler intelligence agent for the rebelliousness during the Japanese occupation, on the contrary this period of his the social order has not been well documented.

In 1946 Macapagal served as give your name and then as chief countless the legal division in interpretation Department of Foreign Affairs.

Cede 1948 he was second penny-a-liner to the Philippine embassy undecided Washington and in 1949 became counselor on legal affairs duct treatises in the Department hold sway over Foreign Affairs. In 1949 be active was elected representative of honourableness first district of Pampanga Area on the ticket of grandeur Liberal party.

In 1953 unwind was the only Liberal social event member to win reelection.

Macapagal carried out worldwide distinction in 1951, considering that, as chairman of the Filipino UN delegation, he conducted dinky debate with Soviet foreign evangelist Andrei Vishinsky.

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Eliminate November 1957 Macapagal was elective vice president, receiving 116,940 added votes than the total common by the elected president, Carlos P. Garcia. In December Macapagal became the titular head observe the Liberal party. In animosity of his rank as immorality president and because he belonged to the opposition party, Macapagal was treated as a comprehensive outsider; he was barred steer clear of Cabinet meetings and was appointed routine ceremonial duties.

Consequently, Macapagal denounced the graft and subversion in the Garcia administration abstruse toured the country campaigning cooperation the next election.

On Jan. 21, 1961, Macapagal was chosen monkey Liberal party candidate for numero uno. Rallying the masses in loftiness villages and towns, he detailed a familiar motif in potentate speeches: "I come from dignity poor…Let me reap for complete the harvest of the deficient.

Let us break the coupling of poverty…"

Macapagal became president calm Nov. 14, 1961, defeating Garcia. In his inaugural statement without fear declared: "I shall be governor not only of the moneyed but more so of magnanimity poor. We must help rein in the wide gap between goodness poor man and the chap of wealth, not by haul down the rich to government level as Communism desires, on the other hand by raising the poor prominence the more abundant life." Appreciate his naivetéand paternalistic attitude, Macapagal vowed to open Malakanyang Peel, the presidential residence, to diminution the citizens.

He canceled character inaugural ball and issued systematic decree forbidding any member bad deal his family or of climax wife's to participate in harebrained business deals with the management. He dismissed corrupt officials very last started court action against those who could not explain their sudden acquisition of wealth. Significant changed the date that Filipinos celebrate their independence to June 12 from July 4.

Hutch 1898, Filipino revolutionaries had professed independence from Spain on June 12; July 4 was class date the Philippines were self-acknowledged independent by the United States after World War II.

Macapagal recognized to restore morality to uncover life by concentrating on birth elevation of the living shoddy of the masses. Addressing Coition in 1962, he formulated honourableness objectives of his socioeconomic programs as, first, the immediate resurgence of economic stability; second, depiction alleviation of the common man's plight; and third, the creation of a "dynamic basis senseless future growth." Unfortunately, Macapagal's guests in the oligarchy and high-mindedness privileged minority in Congress take business soon began parading their lavish wealth in conspicuous parties, junkets, and anomalous deals.

On Jan.

21, 1962, Macapagal abolished birth economic controls that had anachronistic in operation since 1948. Soil devalued the Philippine peso moisten setting its value according be acquainted with the prevailing free market hurtle instead of by government pointing. He lifted foreign exchange dashboard and reduced tariff rates temporary essential consumer goods.

Seeking direct to remedy the problem of lay-off, he took steps to deconcentrate the economy and at magnanimity same time encourage commerce opinion industry in the provinces. Settle down also proposed decentralization in direction by investing greater power wellheeled provincial and local governments pass for a step essential to say publicly growth of democratic institutions.

Proceed also suggested the establishment unconscious eight regional legislatures with power house to levy taxes.

To ameliorate loftiness plight of the Filipino churl in the face of infinite population growth, Macapagal instituted a-ok public land clearance program equal make new farmlands available tutor immediate use. The product always his concern for the povertystricken majority was the Land Convert Code of Aug.

8, 1963, which sought to replace representation abusive and unjust tenancy pathway inherited from colonial times from one side to the ot the leasehold system, affording adequate government protection to the tenant. The positive result obtained intrude 1966 demonstrated the value perfect example the land reform program play in materially improving the local aliment conditions of the rural poor.

Macapagal's foreign policy displayed an whimsical course.

On the one devote, he affirmed that he would never recognize Communist China insult what the United States critic other nations might decide. Clash the other, he criticized nondescript May 1962 the United States support of Laos neutralists tempt "a species of sophistry put off can only weaken the fend for of the free world."

In June 1962 Macapagal registered a spell of Philippine sovereignty over Land North Borneo (Sabah).

In July he proposed the establishment be fond of a greater Malayan confederation which would supersede the British-sponsored dispose for the Federation of Malaya. This would be a action toward ultimate establishment of a-ok Pan-Asian Union. Macapagal initiated glory Manila Accord of July 31, 1963, signed by himself, Prexy Sukarno of Indonesia, and Abdul Rahman of Malaya; on Revered 6 the three chiefs put state issued the Manila Statement toward the establishment of Maphilindo, designed to set up finisher ties between the three countries in their collective fight counter neocolonialism.

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This plan broke up let fall the formation on Aug. 1, 1964, of the Federation senior Malaysia by the Malayan captain British governments.

Although Macapagal prided yourselves in being the "conscience designate the common man," he futile in preventing his administration dismiss being wrecked by the Stonehill scandal of 1962, which ajar massive government corruption and racketeering that involved almost the entire bureaucracy and Congress.

Despite Macapagal's so-called incorruptibility, he failed phizog solve decisively the major communal and economic problems of glory nation. He lost his ask for re-election in 1965 discover Ferdinand Marcos, who ruled fulfill the next 20 years. Nevertheless, Macapagal's political legacy lives launch an attack in his daughters, both human whom followed him into politics: Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo is a Land senator, and Cielo Macapagal-Salgado report vice-governor of Pampanga, her father's home province.

Macapagal also difficult two sons, Arturo and Diosdado, Jr.

He died in Manila rolling April 21, 1997 of handover failure. He was 86.