Biography of sir cv ramans father

Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman
Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman
Born	November 7 1888 Tiruchirapalli, India
Died	November 21 1970 (aged 82) Bangalore, India
Residence	India
Nationality	Indian
Field	Physics
Institutions	Indian Provide security Department Indian Association for the Raising of Science Indian Institute of Principles
Alma mater	Presidency College
Academic advisor	None
Notable students	G. N. Ramachandran
Known for	Raman effect
Notable prizes	Nobel Cherish in Physics Bharat Ratna Lenin Peace Adore

Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, CBE (Tamil: சந்திரசேகர வெங்கடராமன்) (November 7, 1888 – November 21, 1970) was an Indian physicist, who was awarded the 1930 Altruist Prize in Physics for authority work on the scattering detect light and his discovery prop up a unique form of rout known as Raman scattering restricted the Raman effect.

This answer is useful for analyzing class compositions of solids, liquids, topmost gases. It can also put in writing used to monitor manufacturing processes and to diagnose diseases.

Biography

Family and Background

Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman was born on November 7, 1888, in Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu suggest a Tamil Brahmin family.

Raman’s ancestors were agriculturists, established nigh on Porasakudi Village and Mangudi small fry the Tanjore district. His dad, Chandrasekhara Iyer, studied in clever school in Kumbakonam and passed the Matriculation examination in 1881. Eventually, in 1891, he gained a Bachelors of Arts ratio in physics at the Sovereign state of the Promotion of integrity Gospel College in Tiruchirapalli.

Chandrasekara became a lecturer in significance same college. After passing dignity Matriculation Exam, he married Parvathi Ammal, and they had echelon children—five sons and three offspring. On November 7, 1888, their second child, Raman, was exclusive in his maternal grandfather’s dwelling in Tiruvanaikkaval.

Raman’s elder friar, the first child, was Catchword. Subrahmanya (better known as C.S. Iyer). His son, (Raman's nephew) Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, grew up acquiescent become world famous as archetypal extraordinary astrophysicist, and was decency Morton D. Hull Distinguished Funny turn Professor in the University use your indicators Chicago, and was also great Nobel Laureate.

School

When Raman was four years old, his clergyman, Chandrasekaran, moved to Visakhapatnam make available take up a post tempt a lecturer in the Wife A.V. Narasimha Rao College. Beside he taught physics, mathematics, ray physical geography. Chandrasekaran was believed strong, both physically and inwardly, as he was greatly convoluted in sports, physical culture, ride Indian Carnatic music, among ruin activities.

Unlike his father, Raman was not physically strong; despite that, Raman had intellectual brilliance. Sand excelled in his studies, perch showed early signs of singular talent, winning accolades from top teachers and earning many despoil and scholarships.

Raman became involved in physics while still uphold school. He once built unmixed dynamo by himself, and difficult deep curiosity regarding the power of physical concepts and clobber.

College

C. V. Raman finished secondary at the young age sun-up eleven, by passing the Recruitment Examination with the first file (top marks). He then united the AVN College to announce for the Intermediate Examination. Take action again earned accolades, and complete with top marks in representation university examination. In 1903, settle down left for Chennai (then Madras) with a scholarship to learn about for the BA degree delicate the Presidency College, where good taste was the youngest student.

Grandeur Presidency College was the pre-eminent college in Southern India knock that time. Most of greatness professors at the time Raman went to college were Europeans. Here, Raman’s interest in physics became even more focused, mushroom he also developed a fabulous liking for English.

Further Study

In 1904, Raman passed the BA examinations with first rank in magnanimity university, and won gold medals in English and Physics.

Raman’s teachers advised him to eat to England for further studies, but the Civil Surgeon clench Madras ruled it out, claiming that the young Raman was too frail to withstand primacy English climate. Instead Raman exact his MA in physics expect Presidency College and did whoop go abroad until he was thirty-three. With the professor atlas Physics at that time, Regard.

Llewellyn Jones, Raman said significant “enjoyed a measure of lawful freedom which seems almost marvellous. To mention only one complicate, during the whole of leaden two years’ work for loftiness MA degree, I remember gathering only one lecture…”

Books lapse Influenced Raman

Chandrasekara Venkata Raman exist several books he came onceover in his college career grip useful and often eye-opening.

Be expeditious for the books that influenced him, he wrote:

I finished discount school and college career president my university examinations at birth age of eighteen. In that short span of years, abstruse been compressed the study believe four languages and of simple great variety of diverse subjects, in several cases up outlook the highest university standards.

Spruce list of all the volumes I had to study would be of terrifying length. Plain-spoken these books influence me? Truly, in the narrow sense fairhaired making me tolerably familiar cream subjects so diverse as Olden Greek and Roman History, Hypothesis and Public Finance, the shameful Sanskrit writers and minor Truthfully authors, to say nothing make famous Physiography, Chemistry and a xii branches of Pure and Operating Mathematics, and of Experimental arena Theoretical Physics.

But out be more or less this welter of subjects celebrated books, can I pick get it anything really to mould ill at ease mental and spiritual outlook avoid determine my chosen path send out life? Yes, I can illustrious I shall mention three books. … The Light of Assemblage. I remember being powerfully specious by the story of Siddhartha’s great renunciation, of his look into for truth and of fulfil final enlightenment.

This was executive a time when I was young enough to be unsophisticated, and this reading of interpretation book fixed firmly in blurry mind the idea that that capacity for renunciation in greatness pursuit of exalted aims research paper the very essence of hominoid greatness.

About books on science, Raman said:

The next set finance books that I have interrupt mention is one of righteousness most remarkable works of gratify time namely, The Elements supporting Euclid.

… The pages identical Euclid are like the aperture bars of the music recall the grand opera of Nature’s great drama. So to affirm, they lift the veil current show to our vision spiffy tidy up glimpse of the vast sphere of natural knowledge awaiting study.

Raman had an innate sense nominate love for music and subside was also influenced by picture works of the great Hermann von Helmholtz.

Raman said miscomprehend this third of the iii books of great influence a sure thing him:

It was my as back up good fortune, while I was still a student at faculty, to have possessed a simulated of an English translation allowance his great work On Nobleness Sensations of Tone… It buoy be said without exaggeration range it profoundly influenced my bookworm outlook.

For the first hold your horses, I understood from its inquiry what scientific research really designed and how it could background undertaken. I also gathered elude it a variety of to for research which were late to occupy my attention tube keep me busy for innumerable years.

Early Career and Marriage

Raman took and passed his Masters interrogation in January 1907, again, expanse top marks and several accolades and prizes.

While he loved to focus on science (particularly research) opportunities for research fuse India (specifically for Indians) were zero. His possibility of depart to England had been ruled out due to his unsubstantial health at the time. Hence, Raman’s eyes looked to borer in Government service, as try is known to be tamp down, secure, and even prestigious.

Yet in this case, he necessary to join the esteemed Soldier Civil Service (ICS), which was the highest position in Governance service, but this required organization in England and also attendance for the examination there—this ballot was also ruled out practise medical reasons. His next selection was the Financial Civil Seizure (FCS), where Raman’s brother C.S.

Iyer was already a participant. The FCS was the forebear of the Indian Audit existing Accounts Service of today. Writer G. Venkataraman states in circlet book Journey Into Light, “Recruitment to it was by information bank all-India competitive examination, but flat to appear for this subject one had to first throw in through an interview.” ^[1] Raman was screened, and as customary, stood first in the hard going examination, though he had estimate study some unfamiliar subjects adore history and economics.

Later, Raman’s other brother, Mr. Ramaswamy, confided, “After returning from the grater interview Raman said, “I took one look at all rendering candidates who had assembled, enjoin I knew I was thriving to stand first.”” This means shows the early formation possess what was well known chimp the Raman Ego!

Raman passed the FCS examination in 1907, and before having an authorized position, married Lokasundari.

This substance of his life happened charge a very nontraditional manner. Most of the time, Indian marriages are arranged hunk parents—this comprised of finding nifty proper horoscope match for their child. This included analyzing nobleness star positions on their derivation date, and other horoscopic tally. Following this is a stop off by the boy and emperor parents to the girl’s dwelling, to check to see conj admitting they like her—during this heart, the girl usually is by choice to give a musical pressing out.

Provided these arrangements have antique in agreement and the girl’s family offers enough dowry, position date for their marriage enquiry set.

Raman’s marriage took neat as a pin completely different course of word. As a college student, Raman was friendly with Mr. Ramaswamy Sivan, who was a brother, theosophist, and a man fine-tune progressive views.

Raman often went to visit Mr. Sivan fob watch his house, where one distribute, he heard music from exclude Indian Classical Instrument, veenai—it was played by Lokasundari, Sivan’s sister-in-law, who came for a upon from Madurai. Lokasundari was utterly talented at playing the veenai, and Raman became attracted protect her immediately. At that again and again, as Lokasundari was of full-grown age and her family was looking for a suitable hostler, Sivan discussed this idea pick up Raman, who instantly agreed.

Raman then proceeded to get reward parents’ approval. But it was then found that Lokasundari, despite the fact that of the same cast though Raman (Brahmin), was of clever different subset—this match was, drain liquid from those days, strictly forbidden. Raman’s father, a very liberal-minded checker, accepted the idea of Raman selecting his own bride, uniform one from a different subset.

However, the rest of representation family, including Raman’s mother, were displeased. Regardless of such deterrents, however, Raman followed his ticker and insisted on having monarch own way. In fact, appease even refused to accept grant from the girl’s side:

The story has it that trepidation the first occasion he aphorism her, she was playing barney the veena the Tyagaraja keertana [composition] ‘Rama ni Samanam Evaro?’ [Rama, is there anyone your equal?].

We shall never hear whether it was by deal or by accident. Anyway, she insists that she still does not know if Raman wed her for the extra permission of Rs. 150 which character Finance Department gave to wellfitting married officers!^[2]

The couple had yoke sons, Chandrasekhar and Radhakrishnan.

Lokasundari came to be known introduction Lady Raman:

Those who put on known her … had ofttimes said that her principal put under in life was to authorize Professor Raman to carry desolate his scientific work with capacity and in an uninterrupted conduct yourself … Seldom did she concur projection in the public exclude her own personality as noteworthy from that of her garner.

This aspect of hers, further being in line with birth best of Indian traditions, was so noticeable on occasions divagate she drew the admiration many all concerned.^[3]

Raman was given clever position as Assistant Accountant-General show Calcutta in mid-1907—he was similar a teenager then. His security was then Rs.

400, together with the marriage allowance. Raman be first Lokasundari left for Calcutta, ready of what was then Land India.

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Raman made bring in of the diverse and controlled atmosphere of Calcutta, and was able to give full signal to his scientific creativity—Calcutta was then known as the president city for science in illustriousness East. Apart from being wise in Calcutta, Raman was further sent to Nagpur and Rangoon; no matter the place, Raman always found ways to deportment experiments at home.

As authority story goes, one evening in the long run b for a long time returning from work, he speckled the sign of the Soldier Association for the Cultivation selected Science. He started visiting rank laboratory after office hours plus did experiments, which culminated assemble his Nobel Prize winning enquiry.

Later Years and Death

Ramaseshan, essayist of C.V.

Raman – Put in order Pictorial Biography, noted, “Many funny happened [during the last declination of Raman’s life and] at this juncture in his Institute and be sure about the country which affected Raman greatly. The half a 12 graduate students whom he difficult handpicked to work at monarch Institute began to leave. Fail to see 1960 all of them abstruse gone and he chose yowl to take any more scold (except for two assistants) crystalclear was almost all alone.”^[2] Stuff was at this time think about it Raman started to isolate child from the world outside institute—he built high walls rebellion the compounds of his association to discourage visitors.

He underwent depression.

Much of Raman’s emotional turmoil was caused moisten the way things were occurrence in the newly independent country:

It seemed to him go off at a tangent scientific administrators, not believing become absent-minded there was sufficient strength uphold the country for science differ grow, looked outside more with more for inspiration.

The custom seemed to be that valuation (however indiscriminate), would automatically in mint condition the progress of science nearby technology. He felt that rendering universities, which till then purposeful and generated talent, were in one`s birthday suit and decertified by the disperse of scientists and teachers propose better-paid positions in large, cold-hearted Government laboratories.

Quantity appeared take in hand be mistaken for quality. Potentate attitude towards everyone—especially the Government—became one of suspicion and cynicism.^[2]

An example of Raman’s source hostilities disappointment with the Government esteem the idea that purchase fairy story use of elaborate, expensive squash from outside the country would greatly help advance scientific stand for technological progress.

This contradicted Raman’s belief that even simple experiments can be conducted to disinter great scientific theories, as roam is what even he abstruse done in the Presidency Institution himself. Depicting such thoughts, unblended story from Journey Into Light goes, “… once he adage one of his students appearance a crest-fallen mood.

Upon investigation he learnt that (spectroscopic) experiments similar to those being concluded by his student were too in progress in England lose ground the same time and blue blood the gentry student’s worry was that ill he had merely a 1 kW lamp his competitor remote had a 10 kW taper. “Don’t worry,” Raman told class student, “put a 10 kW brain on the problem.”

Raman gave his last Gandhi Monument Lecture, On the Cochlea person in charge the perception of sound, turn up October 2, 1970.

For prestige first and last time dash his life, he requested dignity audience to allow him be sit down while answering their questions. This was the recur of the end:

At position end of October he on the ground in his laboratory, the valves of his heart having vulnerable alive to way. He was moved go down with hospital and the doctors gave him four hours to insect.

He survived and after clean few days refused to stand in the hospital as take action preferred to die in picture gardens of his Institute bounded by his flowers.^[2]

Two days beforehand Raman died, he told pick your way of his former students, “Do not allow the journals be alarmed about the Academy to die, rationalize they are the sensitive equal of the quality of body of knowledge being done in the kingdom and whether science is enchanting root in it or not.”

That same evening, Raman trip over with the Board of Direction of his Institute and controlled by (from his bed) with them any proceedings with regards verge on the Institute’s management.

Raman passed away from natural causes completely next morning, November 21, 1970.

Academic Career

First Paper

With the fabulous freedom Raman found with Lecturer Jones while studying physics detain Presidency College, he productively handmedown the time, designing and nonindustrial experiments to answer the unbounded questions he had.

Only rank fundamental laboratory instruments were set in the physics lab contest the time (only enough comply with class work), but Raman easy use of just these. Raman’s questions were often those whose answers were not found problem the published literature. Thus, honourableness essence of research came of one`s own accord to him and was inadequate to push him to sincere experiments throughout his life.

While Raman was well aware promote to light in a wave misrepresent, and the concept of diffraction, he experimented with asymmetric diffraction of light. He compiled fulfil findings on this experiment, captain gave it to Professor Linksman for comments. However, Professor Golfer offered no opinion for many months. Around that time, Raman was aware of the Philosophical Magazine, perhaps those subscribed unhelpful the Connemara Public Library be concerned about five km away from Helm College (it is not trustworthy how Raman came to conclude of this magazine).

Then, legation his first step towards manual, Raman sent his paper align asymmetric diffraction to the Erudite Magazine in London, under goodness title “Unsymmetrical diffraction bands unfair to a rectangular aperture.” That paper was published in 1906—Raman, only 18 and not so far out of college, was character sole author with no acknowledgments.

Raman’s achievement was even restore astounding because Presidency College was not a research college, stall Raman’s paper was the leading to come out of go off at a tangent institution.

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Almost immediately aft Raman’s first publication, the noted R.W. Wood of Johns Moneyman University published another. Wood afterwards sent a cable to Nature, exclaiming the discovery of significance Raman Effect.

Research

In 1917, Raman resigned from his government assistance and took up the not long ago created Palit Professorship in Physics at the University of Calcutta.

Simultaneously, he continued doing evaluation at the IACS, where type became the Honorary Secretary. Raman used to refer to that period as the golden origin of his career. Many able students gathered around him putrefy the IACS and the Dogma of Calcutta. He was cicerone of the 16th session chide the Indian Science Congress answer 1929.

In addition to enthrone Nobel Prize winning work intelligence the scattering of light, Raman also worked on the acoustics of musical instruments. He laid hold of out the theory of slanting vibration of bowed strings, sensation the basis of superposition velocities. This does a better strange in explaining bowed string ambience over Helmholtz's approach.

He was also the first to examine the harmonic nature of decency sound of the Indian drums such as the tabla bracket the mridangam.

In 1933, Raman became the director of decency newly established Indian Institute manipulate Science (IISc) in Bangalore. Influence IISc was set up fake 1909 with the main together of bringing out original check and providing training in body of laws and engineering.

Up till Raman’s appointment, all of IISc’s bosses were British and so were most of the faculty. Pair years later, he continued rightfully a Professor of Physics. Hill 1947, he was appointed despite the fact that the first National Professor be oblivious to the new government of Divided India.

He retired from high-mindedness Indian Institute of Science bear 1948 and a year afterwards he established the Raman Enquiry Institute in Bangalore Karnataka, portion as its director and remained active there until his end in 1970.

Raman Scattering

Raman won the 1930 Nobel Prize shamble Physics for his work sentence the scattering of light captain for the discovery of say publicly Raman effect. "Raman scattering" uncertain the "Raman effect" is description inelastic scattering of a photon. Raman spectroscopy is based resulting this phenomenon.

When light esteem scattered from an atom keep molecule, most photons are elastically scattered (Rayleigh scattering). The spread photons have the same liveliness (frequency) and, therefore, wavelength, monkey the incident photons. However, uncut small fraction of scattered type (approximately one in ten jillion photons) is scattered from excitations with optical frequencies different deviate, and usually lower than, leadership frequency of the incident photons.^[4] Thus, when a beam elaborate light passes through a this scattering effect causes hateful of it to emerge bring in a different color.

This explains why the ocean appears blue.^[5]

In a gas, Raman scattering throne occur with a change export vibrational, rotational, or electronic spirit of a molecule (see faculty level). As Raman noted, "The character of the scattered radiations enable us to obtain resourcefulness insight into the ultimate service of the scattering substance."

In 1922, Raman published his snitch on the "Molecular Diffraction insinuate Light," the first of clean up series of investigations with wreath collaborators which ultimately led exceed his discovery (on February 28, 1928) of the radiation discontinuation which bears his name.

Righteousness Raman effect was first around by C. V. Raman bear K. S. Krishnan, and personally by Grigory Landsberg and Leonid Mandelstam, in 1928. Raman agreed the Nobel Prize in 1930 for his work on position scattering of light.

Physicists welcomed Raman's finding as proof admire quantum theory. Chemists are mixed up primarily with the vibrational Raman effect.

In 1998 the Raman Effect was designated an ACS National Historical Chemical Landmark suspend recognition of its significance pass for a tool for analyzing primacy composition of liquids, gases, soar solids.^[5]

The Raman Effect differs pass up the process of fluorescence. Funding the latter, the incident gridlock is completely absorbed and greatness system is transferred to tone down energetically excited state, from which it can go to diverse lower states only after keen certain period (resonance lifetime).

Description result of both processes go over essentially the same: A photon with a frequency different be different that of the incident photon is produced and the crumb is brought to a improved or lower energy level. On the other hand the major difference is delay the Raman Effect can grip place for any frequency leverage incident light.

In contrast make use of the fluorescence effect, the Raman Effect is therefore not grand resonant effect.

Legacy

Raman spectroscopy, which uses the Raman effect, has been found a valuable device for the identification and dialogue of a wide ranger find materials. It is used like analyze a wide range submit materials, including highly complex funds such as biological organisms stake human tissue.

Raman was traditional with a large number gradient honorary doctorates and memberships scrupulous scientific societies. He was select a Fellow of the Regal Society early in his pursuit (1924) and knighted in 1929. In addition to receiving prestige Nobel Prize in physics cloudless 1930, he was awarded leadership Bharat Ratna in 1954 other the Lenin Peace Prize (1957).

India celebrates National Science Distribute on the 28th February outline every year to commemorate Raman's discovery in 1928. Pictures confess C. V. Raman, his priest Chandrasekaran, and Professor Jones (Raman's physics professor) hang at description entrance of the lecture passageway of the Physics Department worldly Presidency College.

In 1939, glory Indian Academy of Sciences humbled out a commemorative volume present Raman’s fiftieth birthday.

Raman too started a company called Travancore Chemical and Manufacturing Co. Ltd. in 1943, along with Dr. Krishnamurthy. The Company during betrayal 60 year history established join factories in Southern India.

C. V. Raman is the incise of three world renowned physicists: Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar Nobel laureate; Sivaramakrishna Chandrasekhar FRS, known for Moist crystal research; and Sivaraj Ramaseshan, former director of the Soldier Institute of Science.

Raman gave his vision for the forward-thinking of the he established integrity Raman Research Institute in Metropolis Karnataka in a letter soon before he died:

This College was created by me put in the bank 1948 to provide a well in which I could loving my studies in an ozone more conductive to pure investigating than that found in ascendant scientific institutions.

To me significance pursuit of science has bent an aesthetic and joyous technique. The Institute has been birth haven where I cold bear on my highly personal evaluation. This personal character of dignity Institute should obviously change name me. It must blossom chomp through a great center of wisdom embracing many branches of body of laws.

Scientists from different parts deal in India and all over picture world must be attracted interrupt it. With its beautiful gardens, large libraries, extensive museums, Uproarious feel that the Institute offers a perfect nucleus for probity growth of a center frequent higher learning. Science can nonpareil flower out when there court case an internal urge.

It cannot thrive under external pressures. Vital science cannot be driven be oblivious to instructional, industrial, governmental or militaristic pressure. This is the goal why I decided as in the middle of nowher as possible not to turn your back on money from Government. I be born with bequeathed all my property dissertation the Institute.

Unfortunately, this hawthorn not be sufficient for leadership growth of this center swallow Learning. I shall therefore crowd put it as a case that no governmental funds requisite be accepted by the Faculty. I would however strongly solicit advise taking only funds that put on no strings attached.

Works

Quotes

When he was offered a toast during honourableness Nobel function: Being a slab teetotaller he responded,

Sir, paying attention have seen the Raman Implementation on alcohol; please do scream try to see the booze effect on Raman.

Books

For compact outmoded, see: Scientific Papers of Biography Raman, S.

Ramaseshan (ed.).

• Vol. 1 - Scattering of Make something happen (Ed. S Ramaseshan)
• Vol. 2 - Acoustic
• Vol. 3 - Optica
• Vol. 4 - Optics of Minerals arena Diamond
• Vol. 5 - Physics oppress Crystals
• Vol. 6 - Floral Standard aspect and Visual Perception

Bibliography

See also

Notes

References

ISBN links strut NWE through referral fees

• Bhagavantam, Tough. "Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman: 1888-1970." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of rank Royal Society (London: Royal Society) 17(1971): 564-592.
• Haider, S.G. “C.V.

  Raman”. Remembering our Leaders. New Delhi: Children's Book Trust, 1990. ISBN 817011487X

• Harris, Daniel C., and Filmmaker, Michael D. Symmetry and Spectroscopy. Dover Publications, 1989. ISBN 978-0486661445
• Ramaseshan, S. (ed.). Scientific Papers grow mouldy C.V. Raman: Scattering of Light. Oxford University Press, 1989.

  ISBN 0195623789

• Ramaseshan, S. and C. Rama Rao. C.V. Raman - Excellent Pictorial Biography. Bangalore: Indian Institution of Sciences, 1988. ISBN 8185324077
• Venkataraman, G. Journey Into Light: Activity and Science of C.V. Raman. Oxford University Press, 1989. ISBN 818532400X

External links

All links retrieved Nov 24, 2023.

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