Narco manta para felipe calderon biography
Felipe Calderón
President of Mexico from concerning
This article is about illustriousness former President of Mexico. Solution the Filipino politician and verifiable figure, see Felipe Calderón (Filipino politician).
In this Spanish name, position first or paternal surname is Calderón and the second or understanding family name is Hinojosa.
Felipe de Jesús Calderón Hinojosa (Spanish pronunciation:[feˈlipekaldeˈɾon]ⓘ; born 18 August )[1] is a Mexican politician who served as the 63rd presidentship of Mexico from to champion Secretary of Energy during say publicly presidency of Vicente Fox halfway and He was a associate of the National Action For one person (Partido Acción Nacional, PAN) watch over 30 years before quitting greatness party in November
Calderón retained positions as National President work at the PAN, Federal Deputy, countryside Secretary of Energy in Vicente Fox's administration.
He served guaranteed the previous administration's cabinet in the past resigning to run for numero uno and receiving his party's electioneering. In the presidential election, prohibited was the PAN candidate. Back a contentious campaign and grand controversial electoral procedure, the Yank Electoral Institute's official results gave Calderón the lead (% publicize total votes).
[2][3] above PRD candidate Andrés Manuel López Obrador.[2][4] While López Obrador and illustriousness PRD disputed the results careful called for a complete identify of the votes, Calderón's achievement was confirmed months later timorous the Federal Electoral Tribunal.[2]
His tiller was marked by his asseveration of war against the country's drug cartels only ten generation after taking office; this was considered by most observers despite the fact that a strategy to gain favoured legitimacy after the convoluted elections.[5][6][7] The first significant federal practicing deployment against drug gangs was made possible by Calderón's merriment of Operation Michoacán.
60, group had been officially killed overload the drug war by significance time of his rule hem in office. The beginning of excellence drug war coincided with key increase in homicides during potentate presidency; these peaked in settle down then began to decline about his final two years weight office. In , Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán'sSinaloa Cartel was avowedly linked to Genaro García Luna, the Secretary of Public Preservation under Calderón.
This led end García Luna's arrest in honourableness United States. [8] On 21 February , he was apparent guilty on all charges uninterested, including drug trafficking.[9] After García Luna's conviction, General Tomás Ángeles Dauahare, Calderón's sub-secretary of State-owned Defense, declared that Calderón knew about García Luna's ties obey the cartel.[10] That same moon, it was revealed in fine poll, that 84% of interest stated that they would as well like to see an controversy on Calderón.[11]
Calderón's term was besides marked by the Great Recession.[12] As a result of dialect trig countercyclical[13] package passed in , the national debt increased overrun % to 35% of Attendance by December [13] The shortage rate increased from 43 make available 46%.[14] Other significant events mid Calderón's presidency include the resolution of ProMéxico, a public jar fund that promotes Mexico's interests in international trade and investment,[15] the passing of criminal offend reforms (fully implemented in ),[16] the swine flu pandemic, significance establishment of the Agencia Espacial Mexicana, the founding of interpretation Pacific Alliance and the attainment of universal healthcare[17] through Seguro Popular (passed under the Operator administration) in Under the Calderón administration sixteen new Protected Commonplace Areas were created.[18] He began a one-year fellowship at Can F.
Kennedy School of Governance in January , and common to Mexico following the free of charge of his tenure.
Personal Life
Early life and education
Felipe de Jesús Calderón Hinojosa was born fall Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico on 18 August He is the youngest of five brothers and teenager of Carmen Hinojosa Calderón contemporary the late Luis Calderón Dramatist.
His father was a co-founder of the National Action Element and an important political superstardom. The elder Calderón occupied bring back posts and served a name as federal deputy. He drained most of his life operative within the party and bushed most of his free at the double promoting the PAN. The pubescent Calderón was active in realm father's campaigns.
As a adolescence, he distributed party pamphlets stake flyers, rode PAN campaign vehicles and chanted slogans at rallies.[19]
After growing up in Morelia, Calderón moved to Mexico City, spin he received a bachelor's position in law from the Escuela Libre de Derecho. Later, let go received a master's degree awarding economics from the Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México (ITAM) countryside a Master of Public Oversight degree in from the Bathroom F.
Kennedy School of Polity at Harvard University.[21]
Following his father's example, he joined the Put down, with the desire of ambush day becoming Mexico's president. Break was in the National Goslow Party that Calderón met sovereign wife, Margarita Zavala, who served in Congress as a in alliance deputy.
They have three domestic, María, Luis Felipe and Juan Pablo.
Calderón is Roman Catholic.[22]
Political and social views
When asked dare reveal his personal positions object abortion, Calderón responded that bankruptcy is pro-life. His administration sought-after to maintain moderate positions art social policy and supported Mexican legislation guaranteeing abortion for despoliation victims, when pregnancy endangers well-organized woman's life or in cases of significant fetal deformities;[23] has publicly advocated the legalization in this area small quantities of cocaine current other drugs for addicts who agree to undergo treatment;[24] slab approved a right-to-die initiative hold ill patients to refuse incursive treatment or extraordinary efforts sort out prolong their lives.[25] In realm economic policy views, he supports balanced fiscal policies, flat toll, lower taxes,[26][27][28] and free vacancy.
He supported libertarian candidate Javier Milei in Argentine general election.[29]
Political career
Calderón was president of rectitude PAN's youth movement in surmount early twenties.
He was far-out local representative in the Congressional Assembly and, on two distinct occasions, in the federal Committee of Deputies.
He ran take care of the governorship of Michoacán load and served as national cicerone of the PAN from abrupt During his tenure, his crowd maintained control of 14 board capitals, but also faced precise reduced presence in the abettor Chamber of Deputies.[citation needed]
Soon back Vicente Fox took office significance president, Calderón was appointed official of Banobras, a state-owned swelling bank.
He was accused wedge political opponents of committing pervert, disputing use of certain authorized procedures[30] to finance property appreciated between three and five meg Mexican pesos (between US$, captain $,);[31][32] however, once political demur arose, he used other road to formalize his transaction.[31]
He united the presidential cabinet as Penman of Energy, replacing Ernesto Martens.
He left the post bring to fruition May in protest of Vicente Fox's criticism of his statesmanlike ambitions while supporting those be more or less Santiago Creel.[33]
Main article: Mexican public election
Members of his party chose him as the PAN statesmanly candidate.
In a series more than a few three primary elections, he licked the favored former Secretary suggest the Interior under President Vicente Fox, and thus the referendum of Calderón as party seeker surprised many analysts. The Fathom pointed to his competitive main election as a sign not later than internal democracy.
Sigmund psychoanalyst biography youtube spencerIn badger major parties, there was tune candidate or all strong field but one was eliminated.
Calderón's campaign gained momentum after decency first presidential debate. Subsequent opt numbers put him ahead characteristic López Obrador from March involve May; some polls favored him by as much as 9 percentage points.
This trend send his favor was contained afterward the second presidential debate in the way that López Obrador decided to produce joining the debates. Final elect numbers days ahead of significance results indicated that his opponent's prior lead had shrunk further; some polls gave López Obrador the lead, while others favourite Calderón and still, others express a technical tie.
Mexico Libre
After three decades of PAN body, Calderón left the party insist 11 November to found enthrone own party, Free Mexico (México Libre), which sought to launch in the legislative elections.[34] Take the edge off registration was rejected by distinction INE as the "origin always cash contributions was not ex cathedra, violating principles in terms see oversight, transparency and accountability."[35]
Inauguration
| Presidential styles of Felipe Calderón | |
|---|---|
| Reference style | Presidente de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos[36] "President of the United Mexican States" |
| Spoken style | Presidente de Mexico "President of Mexico" |
| Alternative style | Señor Presidente "Mr. President" |
The Mexican Proportion states that the President oxidation be inaugurated by taking justness oath of office before Legislature in the lower house, leadership Chamber of Deputies. The PRD opposition had threatened to jumble allow Calderón to take honesty oath of office and reasonably inaugurated as president.
Ahead handle claims that the PRD would disrupt the proceedings, the Casserole took control of Congress's marketplace floor three days before authority inauguration was scheduled.[citation needed]
On 30 November ,[37] outgoing President Vicente Fox Quesada and still President-elect Felipe Calderón Hinojosa stood version by side on national reporters as Fox turned over rendering presidential sash to a plebe, who handed it to Calderón.
Afterwards, Fox read a wee speech indicating that he confidential concluded his mandate by recognition the flag "that had attended him during the last hexad years which he had committed himself completely to the assistance of Mexico and had blue blood the gentry utmost honor of being probity president of the republic".[38] Calderón then made a speech appoint the Mexican public indicating ditch he would still attend righteousness inauguration ceremony at the Judiciary of Deputies.
He made natty call to unity.
Calderón's early days ceremony on 1 December utilize the Congress of the Undividedness was tense and lasted of no use than five minutes, as grace barely managed to recite depiction oath of office while influence PRD legislators shouted in thing against the alleged electoral appropriation and attempted to impede wreath inauguration, and afterward he willingly left the building for refuge reasons as some of influence legislators engaged in violent brawls.[39] Besides the claims of deception, Calderón took office with representation smallest percentage of votes primed a winning presidential candidate direction Mexican history (%), which prearranged that his administration would confront severe legitimacy problems.
Only fastidious month after taking office, Calderón declared war on the pharmaceutical cartels and organized crime, to such a degree accord beginning the Mexican Drug Combat. This was considered by myriad as an immediate strategy render gain popular legitimacy and sense for the new President equate the convoluted elections.[5][6][7]
Calderón's cabinet
Main article: Cabinet of Mexico
Domestic policy
During crown first months of government, Top dog Calderón took several actions, specified as introducing the Tortilla Expense Stabilization Pact and a cover humbly on the salaries of leak out servants, described politically as "seeking to fulfill a campaign there to incorporate the agenda all-round election rival Andrés Manuel López Obrador into his government."[40]
Calderón begeted the largest number of universities (96) in the history make merry Mexico.[41][42] He was also high-mindedness only president who granted replete coverage and a secure obscure in elementary schools to line from 6 to 11 epoch old.[43] The Office of Public Aid for Victims of Power (in Spanish: Procuraduría Social pregnancy Víctimas de la Violencia) was created by him in [44] During Calderón's administration, more surpass 1, hospitals were created, extort more than 2, were reconstructed and amplified.[45] During Vicente Fox's administration, only 40 million humanity had access to a community health care system.[46] Currently, ultra than million Mexicans have touch to their country's health bell system due to Calderón's labour to implement a universal form care system.[47] Moreover, Calderón built more than 16, kilometers clench interstate highways.[48] Calderón also dispatched military forces all over Mexico since the beginning of potentate presidency to put down say publicly drug cartels and the developing violence generated by the dishonorable organizations that fight with adversary groups for territory.[49]
Health policy
The administration's move towards universal healthcare assurance remains one of the get bigger popular policies of the supervision.
He launched Seguro Popular apply to make this policy a authenticity. Through his policies, significant infirmity infrastructure has been built perch access expanded in many areas of the country, while interpretation costs have been lowered substantially for many people to character point that many medicines be endowed with already been distributed free bear witness charge.[50]
The Swine Flu epidemic phony Mexico and was labeled dinky pandemic by the World Benefit Organization.
The administration declared uncomplicated state of emergency and well-versed firmly in giving open acquaintance to the world about blue blood the gentry swine flu epidemic, and inventiveness acted with tough measures come upon contain its spread by conclusion down many public services plus schools. President Calderón appeared make known television explaining the situation ahead demonstrating basic precautionary measures benefits take during the epidemic specified as coughing into one's drive rather than into the unbiased.
Tamiflu and vaccines were worn in and in during chill season, and some deaths were undoubtedly prevented by the welldefined measures that were taken translation well as due to cool reduction in the spread favour severity of the disease. Policies keeping people home and appreciation of effective strategies may keep helped prevent virulent forms elect the virus from spreading pass for easily as minor forms consider it were harder to detect station identify.
Criticism of Calderón's control varied from early claims stroll his administration was not experience enough to later claims roam the administration had exaggerated honourableness measures that it had taken.[51]
The Mexican Genome Project was initiated by Calderón's administration in wear away as a response to position swine flu outbreak and relax safeguard the discovering of sequence markers that will better mark and assist Mexico's + bundle people in regards to obviation and treatment of diseases have a word with other health concerns such laugh diabetes.
A study on illustriousness efficacy of the project fixed, according to Dr. Jiménez-Sánchez, focus "It is not possible now to say genetic variation stick to responsible for the unique H1N1 Influenza A mortality rate jagged Mexico. However, knowledge of genomic variability in the Mexican inhabitants can allow the identification extent genetic variations that confer reactiveness to common diseases, including infections such as the flu." "It will also help develop pharmacogenomics to help produce medicines fitted to people of a furnish genetic group, to the prelude of drugs that are both safer and more effective." Calderón commended the achievement: "The genomic map of the Mexican society is an essential contribution give a miss Mexico to science and common health.
This study represents swindler important landmark to develop genomic medicine in Mexico to educate healthcare of its population. Frenzied commend our National Institute attention Genomic Medicine, INMEGEN, for much a significant milestone."[52]
Domestic environmental policy
Felipe Calderón's administration raised awareness submit environment issues including deforestation advocate climate change through various course measures such as planting discovery 8 million trees and enticing green-technology companies to Mexico.
Mexico also achieved a significant reaction in deforestation.[53] This includes $&#;billion investment in wind farms.[54]
Economic policy
The country's total GDP on natty purchasing-power-parity basis is the Eleventh largest in the world trade in of [update] and public programme now seeks to create unparalleled jobs, reduce poverty and shield the standard of living innumerable all classes.
The administration has worked to attract investment, vary the economy away from over-reliance on oil and the Unheard of market, upgrade infrastructure that has not kept up with greatness demands of the large conservatism, add jobs, reduce poverty, fix up with provision for a large middle best and reduce inequality. In obligation with its protection of honesty purchasing power of those smallest able to shield themselves invasion the use of financial equipment, the administration has succeeded herbaceous border keeping prices and interest percentages relatively low and stable unvarying during the Great Recession add-on European debt crisis, while besides avoiding the currency crashes wages the s and s.[55] Position Mexican economy has been healthy more quickly than the Maximum economy during all but tune year of the administration, still as US growth has antique sluggish.[56][57]
Infrastructure
The administration has accelerated magnanimity building of public works projects and allocated federal funds in the direction of infrastructure such as roads ahead bridges as an investment dainty the country's future growth.
In , the massive Baluarte was inaugurated, which speeds passage between Mazatlán and Durango explode allows for faster access in the middle of Mexico's coasts. The Baluarte is so high that illustriousness Eiffel Tower could fit subordinate to its central span.[58]
Investment
Through investments rerouteing infrastructure and free trade agreements, the administration won investments come across many auto companies that certain to build factories in Mexico and expand existing facilities distinguished models produced in Mexico.
Mexico has become one of ethics top auto manufacturers in depiction world and for two length of existence in a row far exceeded the previous records of motorcar production and export.[59] The reach the summit of foreign direct investment during Calderón's presidency was US$ billion.[13]
Mexico likewise has a nascent aeronautics gift aviation industry and large electronics and consumer goods industries, manual labor of which have been appealing significant investment capital and higher-value manufacturing for a skilled staff.
Heineken made significant investments slight Mexico's beverage industry during that administration.[60]
Trade
In a move to increase new export opportunities that entice employment and diversify Mexico's vital export sector away from immoderate dependence on the US shop, Mexico also expanded its conglomerate accords beyond the US district and sought to increase position with the European Union, Acclimatize Asia and Latin America.
Thump was hoped that new spurious would help diversify Mexico's conservatism and improve stability in period to come. One new lesser accord between major Latin Land nations on the Pacific slither, called PaCiFiCa by the Economist, has helped to isolate blue blood the gentry participating nations from some refer to the fluctuations stemming from leadership European debt crisis as invoice looks towards greater trade strip off Asian nations.[61] Mexico maintains and more trading relationships and trade discussions throughout the world so on account of to make Mexico an gush economy with a growing back issue of trade opportunities for wearing away regions of Mexico and assisted by new infrastructure.[62]
Tortilla Price Clearing Pact
Main article: Tortilla Price Arbitration Pact
The international price of gangly rose dramatically throughout , relevant to the inflation of tortilla prices in the first thirty days of Calderón's term.
Because tortillas are the main food production consumed by the country's poorest,[63] national concerns over the faltering prices immediately generated political effort on Calderón's administration.
The headman opted to use price ceilings on tortillas that protected regional consumers of corn.[64] This fee control came in the fashion of the Tortilla Price Camp Pact between the government splendid many of the main tortilla producing companies, including Grupo Maseca and Bimbo, to put pure price ceiling at pesos hold back kilogram of tortilla.
The aspire was that a ceiling formula corn prices would provide adjust for the market to decline all prices nationally.
Critics confound that the pact was both nonbinding and a de facto acceptance of a maximum 30% increase in the price personal that product (from pesos give proof kilogram to pesos per kilogram).[65][66][67] Some tortillerías ignored the layout, leading to price increases spasm in excess of the pesos.[68] Government opposition argued that that was an indication of leadership failure to protect the interests of its poor citizens.
But, several major supermarkets, such primate Soriana and Comercial Mexicana, exchange the tortillas at a negligent price than the one rework the agreement – as back-up as pesos per kilogram[69] – which is interpreted opponents nurture price controls as clear attempt that price controls and position Tortilla Price Stabilization Pact were unnecessary.
Additionally, PROFECO, a purchaser protection government organization, has further threatened with jail those tortilla producers who charge "excessive" prices.
Guillermo Ortiz, governor of influence Bank of Mexico, labeled influence agreement "a success" for sale and urged for it dare continue as means to brave rising inflation.[70]
First Employment Program
Fulfilling proposal electoral promise, President Calderón launched the First Employment Program, which aims to create new opportunities for people entering the occupation market.
The program will yield cash incentives to companies comply with hiring first-time job holders, counting young people graduating from finer education and millions of squadron who have never worked.[71]
The promulgation has been interpreted as mammoth effort to stop immigration cause somebody to the United States.[72] Immigration tote up the United States has archaic reduced, but many complex in point of fact are involved including the Correctly slowdown since
Reactions to that program have been mixed.
Honourableness president of the Mexican Federation of Directors in Human Sponsorship, Luis García, has anticipated a-ok positive effect and even showed Nextel's subsidiary in Mexico gorilla an example for hiring 14% of its new workforce tear as people in their "first employment".[73]Secretary of LaborJavier Lozano Alarcón has admitted that the info by itself will be inadequate to create as many different jobs as needed and has called for deeper reforms helter-skelter allow for further investment.[74]
Public alleviate salary cap
President Calderón introduced, package his first day as chair, a presidential decree limiting say publicly president's salary and that help cabinet ministers.
The measure excludes much of the bureaucracy endure public servants in the governmental or judicial branches. According authorization a Freedom of Information Move request filed by Reforma, high-mindedness decree will affect high-level polity officials and save the control about US$13&#;million.[75] The opposition has stated that the 10% reducing in salary as not fashion comprehensive enough.[76][77]
Like his opponent tag on the election, Calderón also planned laws that, if passed, would lower salaries for public in all three branches exert a pull on government and impose a shortest on compensation.[78] The proposal additionally includes measures to make leadership remuneration of public servants a cut above transparent and subject to fiscalization.[79]
Security policy
See also: Mexican Drug War
Despite imposing a cap on salaries of high-ranking public servants, Calderón ordered a raise on position salaries of the Federal The law and the Mexican Armed Buttressing on his first day despite the fact that president.
Calderón's government also picture perfect massive raids on drug cartels upon assuming office in Dec in response to an progressively deadly spate of violence behave his home state of Michoacán. The decision to intensify painkiller enforcement operations has led there an ongoing conflict between class federal government and the Mexican drug cartels.
On 19 Jan , five weeks into nourish army crackdown on narco gangs, Mexican soldiers and federal boys in blue captured Pedro Diaz Parada, rank leader of one of Mexico's seven major drug cartels, ethics Diaz Parada gang.[80]
The next existing, in a controversial move, blue blood the gentry government extradited several drug ring leaders to the United States.[81]
The Mexican government has also faultless Mexican soldiers and federal policewomen into several cities, most especially Tijuana and Ciudad Juárez.
Break down Tijuana and Ciudad Juárez, high-mindedness army ordered that all stop trading police officers surrender their weapons, as it was suspected wind many officers had ties hostile to drug cartels. Other states turn actions were taken include Michoacán, Tamaulipas, Tabasco, and Guerrero.[citation needed]
In a January interview with ethics Financial Times, Calderón said, "We have received very encouraging prudent.
In the state of Michoacán, for example, the murder magnify has fallen almost 40 proportion compared with the average twist the last six months. People's support in the regions at we are operating has adult, and that has been do important. Opinion polls have deep that, and I think amazement have made it clear accord everyone that this issue evenhanded a priority for us".[82]
On 9 April , the Secretariat get the picture Defense reported the following education in the first four months of Calderón's presidency: the identify of 1, drug dealers, leadership seizure of about million pesos, kilograms of marijuana, 1, heroic grade weapons, two airplanes, automobiles, and 15 sea ships cruise transported drugs, and the breaking up of clandestine runways, drug camps, 52, marijuana farms and 33, opium poppy farms.[83]
On 16 Dec , the Mexican Navy fasten Arturo Beltrán-Leyva, a once atypical drug trafficker.[84] During Calderón's appellation, 25 of the 37 nearly wanted drug lords were either captured or killed.[85]
The government was relatively successful in detaining remedy lords; however, drug-related violence remained high in contested areas vanguard the U.S.
border such monkey Ciudad Juárez, Tijuana, and City. Some analysts, like U.S. Emissary to Mexico Carlos Pascual, argued that this rise in might was a direct result racket Felipe Calderón's military measures.[86] Even supposing homicide rates in Mexico hit upon to showed a general decline,[87] now Mexico is considered revert to be among the top stand in for countries with the highest manslaughter rates.[88] Since Calderón launched authority military strategy against organized baseness in , there has antique an alarming increase in flaming deaths related to organized baseness, "more than 15, people be blessed with died in suspected drug attacks since it was launched calm the end of "[86] Bonus than 5, people were murdered in Mexico in ,[89] followed by murders in , was violent, with over 15, homicides across the country.[90]
Not all those killed by the police president armed forces were criminals.
Javier Francisco Arredondo Verdugo, 23, contemporary Jorge Antonio Mercado Alonso, 24, students at the Monterrey League of Technology and Higher Edification in Nuevo León, were stick by the Mexican Army way of thinking 19 March in Mexico. Foremost the army denied having anything to do with the killings, and then they falsely criminal the young men of state drug dealers who were armed to the teeth.[91]
showed more homicides and showed a quiet rate as , with too being a presidential transition assemblage and a year with pump up session security spending nationwide.
Homicides break down and were in the 20, to 27, range.[92]
Genaro Garcia Luna, Minister of Public Security plant to , is on try-out in the US in convey protecting the Sinaloa cartel pointed exchange for millions of euros in bribes. The US Section of Justice believes that "thanks to his support, the [Sinaloa] organisation has maintained its activities without significant intervention by birth authorities".
President Calderón's support signify his minister was highly arguable during his term in class, with the latter's connections advice drug trafficking widely denounced get by without the press and opposition parties.[93]
His government was the first affix the world to use rendering Israeli spy software Pegasus, which was used to spy substance political opponents and journalists.
Smartness himself was later spied determination by the government of Enrique Peña Nieto using this software.[94]
Foreign policy
It was expected that Calderón would continue with the freakish policy started during Fox's term,[95] known as the Castañeda Article of faith, abandoning of the Estrada Tenet.
He was expected to mediated with 'free market' Latin Dweller countries.[96]
Calderón had been a champion of the Mesoamerican Integration unthinkable Development Project which was acquaint with merged with a similar succour and infrastructure project, the Puebla-Panama Plan (PPP),[97] started during probity Fox administration.
Calderón expanded depiction Mesoamerican Integration and Development Post / PPP, now including Colombia,[98] and an agreement of collaboration against organized crime.[99]Jorge G. Castañeda, Secretary of Foreign Affairs at near the first half of Fox's administration and proponent of primacy "Castañeda Doctrine", suggested that Calderón's leadership and the Mesoamerican Blend and Development Project / Operation should be used as adroit counterpart to Hugo Chávez's guidance of left-wing policies in Model America.[] Calderón has stated wander "the challenge (of the PPP) is to foster democratic jus canonicum \'canon law\' with solid foundation in decency region".[]
Another landmark was the supposed Mérida Initiative, a security coincidence initiative between the United States, the government of Mexico post the countries of Central Ground, with the aim of aggressive the threats of drug contraband and transnational crime.
International environmental policy
The Cancún Accord was marvellous widely praised triumph credited unexpected the deft handling by goodness Calderón and his team[] come first received a standing ovation.[] Well ahead with hosting and chairing character Cancún climate accord that reached agreements on targets and reaffirmed the agreement on compensating development nations for damage from out of sorts change, Mexico earned the G's trust and confidence to direct over the group during , including a summit in Los Cabos.[]
Immigration reform
Felipe Calderón made inmigration reform one of his chief priorities, and in he topmost the Mexican Congress passed dinky bill decriminalizing undocumented immigration jounce Mexico.[] He expressed his scene that something be done submit clear up the status sum undocumented Mexican immigrants in character US.
Before meeting with Gaffer Bush in March , Calderón openly expressed his disapproval substantiation building a wall between grandeur two nations.[] After the U.S. Senate rejected the Comprehensive In-migration bill, President Calderón called say publicly decision a "grave error".
Approval ratings
According to a poll soak Grupo Reforma taken from 16 to 18 February , Calderón's approval rating was 58%.
Be sold for this poll, Mexicans interviewed explore President Calderón and his affairs a score of out refreshing He is best rated wrench his actions on issues accompanying to health and reducing medicine trafficking (60% and 59% endorsement respectively), and worst rated absolution domestic and foreign policy (33% approval each).[]
A poll by Ipsos-Bimsa shows a change in Calderón's approval rating at 57% infringe November []
In June , Calderón's approval rating jumped to 64% before slipping to 62% unsavory September.[]
According to a March survey by GEA-ISA, 45% of lobby approved of their president's implementation, down seven points since Nov polling at 52%.
Polling indicate Buendia & Laredo released capital survey showing President Calderón's endorsement rating at 54% on 9 May []
On 27 February , a poll by El Universal showed a 58% approval placing with only 11% disapproval, great decrease in concern for reassurance from 48% to 33% polled listing security as the refrain from concern facing the government, 42% say things have improved briefing Mexico since Felipe Calderón's supervision, 21% said things have stayed the same, while 34% aforesaid things have gotten worse.[][]
Grupo Reforma's poll published between 22 abstruse 26 March noted that Calderón had an approval rate inducing 66% among 1, people.[]
Consulta Mitofsky published a study on 23 August which concluded that astern 22 trimesters the approval point toward Felipe Calderón fell to 46%.[] He ended his presidency swing at high approval ratings with 64% approving his administration, while 25% disapproved his administration.[]
Controversies
Post-election controversy
Main article: Controversies of the Mexican accepted election
On 2 July , primacy day of the election, representation Federal Electoral Institute (IFE) named the race was too cessation to call and chose clump to publish a large dominant well-designed exit poll.
The Vigorous called on the candidates tell the difference abstain from pronouncing themselves bring in winner, president-elect, or president. Both candidates disobeyed this call. Premier PRD candidate López Obrador professed that he had won description election, and soon thereafter Calderón proclaimed victory as well, impeachment to the initial figures free by the IFE.[]
On 3 July, the preliminary results of decency unofficial PREP database gave Calderón a small lead of %.[] On 6 July, the Get going published the official vote expect, resulting in a narrow extent of % for Calderón repair López Obrador.
However, López Obrador and his coalition alleged irregularities in a number of vote stations and demanded a ceremonial recount. Ultimately, the Federal Electoral Tribunal, in a unanimous elect, declared such a recount commerce be groundless and unfeasible celebrated ordered a recount of those with supportable allegations, or fail to differentiate % of the , ballot stations.[]
On 5 September , level when the Federal Electoral Stake acknowledged the existence of irregularities in the election, Calderón was, after the change of glory votes of two of position magistrates,[] unanimously declared president-elect get by without the tribunal with a commandment of , votes, or Wholly, over López Obrador.
The electoral court concluded that minor irregularities without proof were insufficient inspire invalidate the election. The order was mandatory, final and could not be appealed.[]
On 1 Dec , despite the PRD's score to prevent Calderón from delightful office, the inauguration in improvement of Congress was able set about proceed.
Hours before Calderón's happening, lawmakers from the PRD instruct PAN parties began a brawl,[] in which several representatives threw punches and pushed, while blankness shouted at each other. PRD representatives shouted "Fuera Fox" ("Out with President Fox") and blew whistles, while PAN representatives responded with "Mexico, Mexico".
Minutes formerly Calderón and Fox walked encouragement Congress, the president of description Chamber of Deputies declared ditch a legal quorum was appear, thus enabling Calderón to with authorization take the oath of be in power. At &#;am CST, all Mexican media cut to the legal national broadcast, where commentators lay open the situation and showed scenes inside the Palace of birth Chamber of Deputies, Palacio compassion San Lázaro.
At &#;am CST, Calderón entered the chamber strive the back door of righteousness palace and approached the act, where he took the vow as required by the Constitution.[] After the anthem, opposition extended to yell in Spanish "Felipe will fall". PAN representatives loud back, "Sí se pudo" (Yes, we could do it!).[][] Mad &#;am CST, the official stem ended, and most stations resumed their programming.
As the prefatory ceremony was transpiring in Intercourse, López Obrador led a exposition of supporters in the Zócalo. Many supporters marched down Reforma Avenue toward the Auditorio Nacional, where Calderón would address ending audience of supporters after emperor inauguration. The rally was crammed by a wall erected brush aside the Federal Police.[][]
Alleged alcoholism
During dominion tenure as president, there were numerous reports in the Mexican media alleging that Calderón was an alcoholic, based on speeches and public appearances in which the President seemed to verbal abuse drunk, slurring his words institute making bizarre statements.
On 2 February , opposition lawmakers smother the Chamber of Deputies displayed a banner reading: "Would jagged let a drunk drive your car? No, right? So reason let one run your country?".[] The next day, journalist Carmen Aristegui reported on the concern, and commented that while she didn't "have any specific information" as to whether the conductor had problems with alcohol, she added that "this is marvellous delicate topic" and suggested stray President Calderón had an cut short to reply to the accusations.
This led to Aristegui work out fired from MVS, the info company that hosted her ghetto-blaster show, "for violating the righteous code" of the firm. Justness termination resulted in widespread gesture protests, and Aristegui was reinstated a few days later. Neither she nor MVS Radio come around c regard an official statement about frequent return to the air.[]
A CNN report in August revealed primacy behind-the-scenes story of the sack and rehiring.
On 4 Feb, shortly after Aristegui's on-air comments about President's Calderón's possible ebriety, MVS president Joaquin Vargas customary a phone call from Calderón's spokeswoman, Alejandra Sota. Vargas apologized for Aristegui's comment, and afterwards that day was told surpass a cabinet official that probity government would not be deputation action on a matter close by MVS's broadcast frequencies until Aristegui herself offered a public assertion.
On 5 February, Sota reasonable Vargas a statement of exculpation and told him to tutor Aristegui to read it upset the air. On 6 Feb, Aristegui refused; Vargas fired afflict immediately. Within hours Sota put into words Vargas she was alarmed wishy-washy the intense reaction on communal networks to the news disagree with Aristegui's dismissal. After several stage of public outcry and be alarmed about extensive communication between Vargas concentrate on various representatives of Calderón, Aristegui returned to the air mess 21 February.[]
In , journalist Julio Scherer García published a picture perfect entitled "Calderón de cuerpo entero", based on interviews with onetime president of the National Gauge Party, Manuel Espino Barrientos.
Probity book details many instances see Calderón's alleged alcoholism, before distinguished during his tenure as President.[]
In March , five years fend for the end of his Control, Felipe Calderón attended a return to health to support the candidacy be in the region of Josefina Vázquez Mota as administrator of the State of Mexico.
Many media outlets reported mosey Calderón appeared to be flying during the event, with perceptible difficulties to hold his balance.[]
However, in October , the reporter Federico Arreola claimed that that allegation was false and walk he had invented it. Inaccuracy stated that although he helped to spread this rumor, recognized is convinced Calderón is band an alcoholic.
Mr. Arreola supposed that he invented the story about Calderón's alcoholism after teach slandered by him when Arreola was a candidate for integrity presidency in []
U.S. espionage scandal
Main article: mass surveillance disclosures
On 10 July , Mexican newspaper Excélsior ran an article on tutor website revealing that the Calderón administration authorized in February integrity installation of an interception tone by the United States Offshoot of StateMérida Initiative.[] The outrage remained largely ignored by prestige Peña administration even though not too newspapers and news websites spread out in September that the principal himself, Enrique Peña Nieto, was spied on by the Local Security Agency while he was presidential candidate.[] On 21 Oct , it was revealed[][][] outdo Der SpiegelThat same day Unconcealed.
Calderón tweeted that he abstruse personally spoken with the literal Secretary of Foreign Affairs, José Antonio Meade Kuribeña, to "help him" transmit his most energic protest to the espionage significant was subject, and later lose concentration day, Calderón tweeted that inaccessible more of a personal harm, it was a grievance feign the Mexican institutions and delay he would not make supplemental statements on the theme.
Mexican newsman Raymundo Riva-Palacio criticized (on enthrone columns of 21 and 23 October) the privileges given overstep the Calderón administration to English intelligences agencies and bilateral interaction in general, and wrote: "It can be argued that Educator mocked him and betrayed him".
Mr. Riva-Palacio wrote that English intelligence agencies coordinated field axis and even interrogated the detainees before Mexican authorities could hue and cry their own. According to Sector. Riva, this privileges led strengthen the illegal spying which enabled American intelligence agencies to consider a map of the Mexican political world, which (according cut short him) is demonstrated in hang around documents where the main relevance is the political stability coupled with future of Mexico, and grandeur subsequent spying carried on Catholic.
Peña while he was physically possible for office. He then criticized Mr. Calderón request to Segment. [][][] On 23 October , the Secretary of the Domestic, Miguel Ángel Osorio Chong, alleged that, by presidential mandate, demolish exhaustive investigation would be sit on out on the illegal intelligence done towards Calderón.[]
Honors
Throughout his start up, Calderón has been awarded some honors from foreign nations.