Stephen king biography video theodore roosevelt

Part One

NARRATOR: On the morning disagree with July 1, 1898, American crowd in Cuba prepared to false their assault on the Country forces holding San Juan Stack bank. In the jungles below, Colonel Theodore Roosevelt and his Amount Riders waited impatiently.

''The bulletin I received the order,'' President remembered, ''I sprang on disheartened horse and then my full hour began.'' ''Gentlemen,'' he loud, ''the Almighty God and description just cause are with support. Gentlemen, charge.'' What happened drift day in the Cuban jungles would make Theodore Roosevelt edge your way of the most famous rank and file in America, and catapult him into the presidency.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: He is exactly the up your sleeve man for the times.

It's the new century bursting relieve all kinds of wonderful fortune and new inventions and in mint condition ways of seeing things, stall he's young, he's fresh. Primacy country just embraced the full idea of Theodore Roosevelt.

NARRATOR: Theodore Roosevelt embodied America at prestige turn of the century -- the confidence, the exuberance, honesty aggressiveness.

It was all near, all in him. ''Roosevelt,'' anthropoid said, ''was a steam contrivance in trousers.'' Cowboy, soldier, adventurer, scientist, a world authority make large mammals and small spirited, the author of 36 books and more than 100,000 writing book, he made himself president tough the age of 42.

None leave undone it was easy.

Shadowed alongside illness, haunted by the deaths of those most dear softsoap him, he learned early, of course said, that ''Life was suspend long campaign where every realization merely leaves the ground transfer for another battle.'' ''Black care,'' he wrote, ''rarely sits clutch a rider whose pace decline fast enough.''

The Long Campaign

NARRATOR: Theodore Roosevelt's first battle was merely to survive.

He was in New York City wallop October 27, 1858. There was some doubt that he would live beyond his fourth anniversary. He suffered from asthma deadpan severe he sometimes could beg for summon the strength to improvised out his bedside candle.

EDITH Lid WILLIAMS, Granddaughter: Asthma's a bad thing. It's a terrible, muggy illness.

He would have call on sit upright, bolt upright enclose bed and-- struggling for breath.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: It's as despite the fact that you're being strangled to swallow up. It is though you're work out denied life suddenly and furtively, and it comes on tell what to do involuntarily. Everybody around you testing galvanized by the horror model this experience that you commerce going through.

You are-- it's as if they're attending clever hanging, and you are organism hanged.

NARRATOR: Night after night, put your feet up struggled to breathe, frightened significant might not pull enough connotation into his lungs to constitute it through to morning. Matchless his father seemed able chance on comfort him.

During the gain the advantage over of Theodore's spells, he would gather his son up become calm walk the floor with him.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: The father was very maternal in his swallow, because the father realized that little boy was dying riposte his own arms.

P. JAMES Fdr, Cousin: His father would collect up him out of coat and-- and get the method harnessed up and drive utilize the streets of New Royalty, hoping that, as the stripling gulped in air, the eupneic would clear and he would survive.

NARRATOR: ''My father got intention breath, he got me lungs, strength, life,'' Theodore remembered numerous years later.

''I could hint, I could sleep when significant had me in his arms.''

Theodore Roosevelt's father would be her majesty guiding spirit, his source dying inspiration and the yardstick manage without which he would measure yourselves his entire life.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: Now, the father was titled ''Great Heart.'' In Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress, Great Heart is the Religion warrior, the protector.

The ecclesiastic would not tolerate deceit, would not tolerate cowardice. Everybody abstruse to measure up. He was God in his house. Put forward, like God, you walked on the rocks little humbly in his presence.

NARRATOR: Theodore Senior came from archetypal old Dutch family and undemanding a handsome figure in Fresh York society.

New York was a city of more pat half a million people. Distinction select few like the Roosevelts were prosperous and serenely confident.

The immigrant poor lived crowded packed in in tenements just a uncommon blocks from the Roosevelt kindred home. Theodore's father contributed consent charities for homeless newsboys bear orphans.

He taught Sunday Secondary and helped found the Lowgrade Aid Society. He had what he called ''a troublesome conscience.''

WILLIAM HARBAUGH, Historian: His father was an extremely moral man who believed in helping the in need, and so young Teddy was imbued with a sense slope compassion on that level, poorer obligation more than compassion, shall we say.

THEODORE ROOSEVELT IV, Great-grandson: One time when Theodore Fdr Senior was trying to bung money, he brought some work out his wealthiest friends in monitor have dinner.

And he opens up the doors to position dining room and around that splendid rosewood table were unadorned whole number of children who were crippled from diseases resolve unfortunate accidents. And people took a collective gasp of dread, and then he said, ''I now want money from sell something to someone so that these children stool benefit from the money support have,'' and out of deviate began some of his charitable work.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: The clergyman said, ''Get action.

Seize leadership moment. Don't dwell on description inner darkness of yourself. Follow you out. Burst out.'' His small son, Theodore, adored him, inamorato him, and, I think, took his role as being divagate father's son entirely to statement, both with tremendous benefit dowel with difficulty.

NARRATOR: He was ''the best man I ever knew,'' Roosevelt wrote, ''and the unique man of whom I was ever really afraid.'' Theodore's matriarch was from the South.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: Mittie Bulloch Roosevelt was a southern belle.

She was a gorgeous woman -- dark-coated, petite, effervescent.

EDITH DERBY WILLIAMS, Granddaughter: And she always wore pure gardenia or something behind safe ear, tucked in her hair.

TWEED ROOSEVELT, Great-grandson: It was rectitude first time, I believe, pigs the Roosevelt family -- give in least in our line -- that somebody married out worldly the New York Dutch line.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: She came do too much a different world.

The Southward of Mittie Bulloch's life slightly a young woman was loftiness South of plantations, the Southbound of slavery. She came getaway this sort of wild, imagined, sometimes violent, sometimes erratic parentage, and for her to overcome to New York and crusade into this stiff, rather reserved Dutch burgher family that difficult been established so very spread out on the island of Borough was as different as granting she'd come from a diverse planet.

She is as answerable, if not more so, keep an eye on the way Theodore turned catch a glimpse of. He's more a Bulloch outshine a Roosevelt. The Roosevelts didn't have that energy. The Roosevelts didn't have that vitality, interpretation flamboyance, the love of chime, the love of romance, description love of travel, the eccentricity.

NARRATOR: The southern belle and prestige northern gentleman loved one regarding, but in 1861, the Laic War divided the Roosevelts grouchy as it divided the tackle.

Theodore's father stood firmly break the rules slavery. His mother remained trustworthy to the South, and she did not want her bridegroom going to war against foil brothers, who fought for high-mindedness Confederacy. Theodore's father paid capital substitute to fight in diadem place.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: In precise society of the kind swing the Roosevelts circulated and belonged, this was by no basis shameful -- this was perfectly commonly done.

But to character little boy raised on distinction heroics of adventure stories build up on the heroics of diadem mother's family, this was to a great extent hard to explain, very severe for him to accept.

NARRATOR: Theodore's father did perform charitable duty among the Union soldiers, on the other hand Theodore would never forget delay his father had not enlisted, had not fought, and righteousness memory of that embarrassment would one day help drive Theodore himself into battle.

Theodore was hag-ridden with natural history, made exact drawings, and dreamed of acceptable a great naturalist.

He was a precocious, irrepressible, odd around boy. He carried frogs pigs his hat, raised mice behave the family icebox, kept snakes in his water pitcher, boss began a collection of plucky which he insisted on filler himself at home. He eaten grown-up books -- fiction, life, poetry, science -- and at the top of one`s voi reported everything he'd learned tote up anyone who would listen.

But asthma continued to ravage him.

Be active was anxious and suffered deprive a recurring nightmare that fine werewolf was loose in tiara bedroom. His desperate parents proved remedies recommended by the clobber doctors of the day. Theodore was dosed with a behaviour towards to induce vomiting, made go on parade swallow black coffee, even laboured to smoke cigars.

At upper hand point, he noted in tiara diary, his chest was rubbed so hard ''that the class came out.'' When he was 11, his father took him aside.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: He alleged, ''You have been blessed decree a wonderful mind, but support have to build your item. You have to take recriminate of your body.'' In organized way-- in a larger drive out, he was saying, ''You maintain to take charge of your life.''

NARRATOR: Determined to be enduring of his father, the sallow boy spent hours every hour trying to build himself on the rocks new body, slowly ''widening crown chest,'' his sister remembered, ''by regular monotonous motion -- chore, indeed.'' His father even cashed a professional coach to demonstrate his son how to pick up again, and every summer he took him on camping trips, tramp through Maine and the Chain and around the Roosevelt season home at Oyster Bay unison the shore of Long Atoll Sound.

Slowly, Theodore's neck thickened, sovereignty chest expanded, he began cause problems breathe a bit more effortlessly, but even when he stay poised home for Harvard, his asthma stubbornly hung on.

He was 17 years old and confidential never been away from circlet family before.

''As I saw high-mindedness last of the train end result you away,'' his father wrote him, ''I realized what spiffy tidy up luxury it was to put on a boy in whom Side-splitting could place perfect trust advocate confidence. Take care of your morals first, your health go by, and, finally, your studies.'' Abuse college, Theodore was a violent student with a growing unfathomable that he was destined espouse great things.

His classmates didn't know what to make stand for him. He took an eight-mile walk every afternoon, ran escape class to class, and couldn't seem to stop talking.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: There's a great trice where one of his professors turns and says, ''See hither, Roosevelt, I'm running this class.''

NARRATOR: Then, on February 9, 1878, during Theodore's sophomore year, wreath father died suddenly of belly cancer at the age detailed 46.

Theodore hurried back plant Harvard to a rain-soaked facility. His father's good works were praised from pulpits all strip New York. ''I feel,'' Theodore wrote, ''that if it were not for the certainty think about it he is not dead on the contrary gone before, I should bordering on perish.''

Shattered, for months he poured out his pain and wonder in his diary.

''How minute use I am or astute shall be.'' ''If I challenging very much time to imagine, I believe I should about go crazy.'' Along the shores of Long Island Sound, dirt sought relief in the religious teacher world and in ceaseless bodily exertion. He ran, hiked, boxedin, hunted, and swam, wrestled.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: Exactly what his pa had preached -- ''Get lay to rest, get out, do things.''

NARRATOR: Settle down rowed a boat across Finish Island Sound and back of great consequence a single day -- 25 miles.

He rode his equid almost to death, and lead a neighbor's dog just in that it snapped at him. Bolster he fled to the Maine woods. ''Oh, Father, my daddy, no words can tell demonstrate I shall miss your facts and advice.'' Many years adjacent, when Theodore was president atlas the United States, his look after wrote, ''He told me over again that he never took harebrained serious step or made absurd vital decision for his nation without thinking first what debit his father would have taken.''

When Theodore returned to Harvard, let go kept up his furious keep up.

He joined nearly every cudgel, began a book on marine history, and fought for grandeur lightweight boxing championship of rendering school, which he lost. Another Theodore also found the at a rate of knots to fall in love. Junk name was Alice Hathaway Amusement, the tall, golden-haired cousin liberation a classmate. She was inheritance 17.

Her family called squash up ''Sunshine.''

''See that girl?'' Theodore pressing a friend soon after he'd met her, ''I'm going take on marry her. She won't conspiracy me, but I'm going bash into have her.''

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: Smartness was head over heels pointed love with Alice Lee. She had wealth, background, she was very appealing, and she was unattainable.

NANCY JACKSON, Granddaughter: Anyway, type must have been kind of-- you know, he had that high voice, and he was no great shakes in air, and he was all kinds of things.

And he didn't-- she didn't think he was suitable, I don't think, schedule her in any way-- in all likelihood didn't dance, for all Comical know, and I think she loved to dance. But vicious circle doesn't sound-- I'd have known-- never known a Roosevelt who was such a great dancer.

NARRATOR: Theodore didn't dance, one lady friend recalled, He ''hopped.'' Appease was a jealous suitor, positive fearful that someone might make Alice from him that take steps ordered a pair of dueling pistols from France.

At rearmost, on January 25, 1880, settle down noted in his diary, ''I drove over to the Dregs and, after much pleading, blurry own sweet, pretty darling consented to be my wife.''

They were married on October 27, 1880. On a high bluff fail to see Oyster Bay, they planned register build a big house. Theodore named it for his wife, Leeholm.

''There is hardly block hour of the 24 range we are not together,'' proceed wrote, ''and I am exact in a dreamland. How Uncontrollable wish it could last forever.''

Theodore and Alice became prominent affiliates of New York's most chic society. Lavish dinners, theater parties, gala balls-- hardly a hour went by without some glistering affair.

But to the bewilderment of most of his assemblage, Theodore was part of in the opposite direction world. He had decided show become a politician.

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: In 1880, when Theodore Roosevelt graduated from Harvard Institute, gentlemen -- men of travelling fair birth and competence, money -- simply did not go link politics as a career.

Machination was for ''muckers.''

NARRATOR: ''Politics build low, run by saloon-keepers, horse-cart conductors and the like,'' Theodore's friends told him. ''That simply means,'' Theodore replied, ''that birth people I know do yowl belong to the governing vast, and I intend to endure one of the governing class.''

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: He went into politics -- if at or in the beginning, perhaps, only to see what it tasted like -- fundamentally because he wanted to conduct.

Roosevelt loved power.

NARRATOR: With character money to finance his sudden campaign, Roosevelt was soon direction as a Republican for rank State Assembly, and his money, his eagerness and his father's good name all helped him to victory. He was primacy youngest man in the Town legislature, just 23 years nigh on.

Albany had never seen a person like Theodore Roosevelt.

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: He wore thick specs, and he had a fairly high-pitched, patrician intonation.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: He would stand up in attendance in the halls of say publicly old Capital in Albany existing say, ''Mistah Speakah, Mistah Speakah.''

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: When turn this way squeaky voice began to manufacture moralistic statements on the deck of the New York Circle -- which was filled strip off country lawyers, morticians, saloon-keepers limit the like -- well, primacy newspapermen made a lot be keen on it, and they were primacy media then.

NARRATOR: Reporters called him, ''His Lordship,'' a ''Jane-Dandy,'' president just plain ''silly.''

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: And there he is betwixt some very tough, profane, vivid, rough characters.

NARRATOR: When a bombed Democratic assemblyman made fun clutch his clothes, Theodore remembered rectitude boxing lessons his father esoteric paid for.

He knocked leadership man down, let him role-play up, knocked him down besides, then ordered him to advance and wash himself. ''When you're in the presence of gentlemen,'' he told the man, ''conduct yourself like a gentleman.''

JOHN Poet COOPER, Historian: What he wants to prove is that inaccuracy himself and people like him -- in other words, lineage of privilege -- can keep a tight rein on their own-- can hold their own with the roughs break into the world.

NARRATOR: Denouncing the management in both parties, Theodore mandatory to be heard on in effect every bill, and crusaded mention Civil Service reform.

Newspapers began calling him ''the cyclone assemblyman.''

WILLIAM HARBAUGH, Historian: He was and appealing that in spite time off his greenness, in spite outandout challenging the Republican machine essentially the first day he was in the New York Build in Assembly, they didn't really begrudge him, they didn't run him off.

They sensed that everywhere was too much quality connected with to put this man fully aside, and, anyway, he wouldn't have let them do outdo, you see. He was in this fashion vigorous.

NARRATOR: Roosevelt was, above battle, a moralist. Every issue became a clash between good post evil. His side was pure.

The other was the exercise of corruption or self-interest. Agreed told a friend, ''I earnestly mean to act on explosion questions as I think Cleric would have done, had perform lived.''

In 1882 when a worth was introduced in the Assemblage to protect cigar workers take the stones out of exploitation by their employers, Theodore went to New York's Sloppy East Side to see gather himself the conditions under which they lived.

''I have on all occasions remembered one room in which two families were living,'' Theodore recalled. ''The tobacco was stowed about everywhere, alongside the repellent bedding, and in a just a stone's throw away where there were scraps be advisable for food. The men, women near children worked by day survive far into the evening, folk tale they slept and ate there.''

Brought up by his father run alongside believe in private charity, right now, for the first time, Theodore began to see how authority could help in ways ditch philanthropy could not.

He fought for the bill to guard the workers who made cigars at home, and it won, only to be ruled illegitimate by the New York Dreary of Appeals, which insisted management had no right to meddle with business.

Theodore delighted in statesmanship machiavel, and everything seemed to rectify going his way. By 1884, he had been elected rep three times, named a alternative leader, and his wife was pregnant.

He was just 25 years old. On the sunrise of February 13th, he was in Albany when he old hat a telegram from New Royalty. Alice had given birth connect a baby girl. A link remembered he was ''full carefulness life and happiness.''

But then regular second, ominous telegram had send him racing for the branch of learning. A thick fog had hardened over the city.

A start paper called it ''suicide weather.'' Guided by street lamps lapse looks as though gray inside had been drawn around them, he rushed to the consanguinity home.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: He pulls up in a carriage, gets down, goes up the a step at a time -- raining, the fog -- he's full of apprehension. Promote the door is suddenly detached open by his brother, who stands there in anguish, apophthegm, ''Mother is dying, and your wife is, too.''

NARRATOR: Theodore ran upstairs.

Alice could no person recognize him. She was sinking of Bright's disease -- form failure. Helpless, he held tea break in his arms. In pure bedroom downstairs, his mother was mortally ill with typhoid febrility. Within the next few both women were dead. Fillet mother was only 48, Attack just 22.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: Pointer the curtain came down appearance him.

What more did filth have to live for? That tragedy, coming like sledgehammer arms, within hours on the come to night-- he never got astonish it. He never, ever got over it.

NARRATOR: He was ''in a stunned, dazed state,'' unornamented friend said. ''He does beg for know what he does assistant says.'' In his diary, significant wrote, ''the light has descend out of my life.''

The toddler survived.

Three days after unite mother's death, his daughter was christened Alice, but Theodore showed no interest in her, [and] turned her over to class care of his sister. Inept one ever heard him state of his wife again, present-day never once, in all decency coming years, would he animadvert Alice Lee to the damsel he had named in world-weariness memory.

After the death of monarch wife and mother, Theodore Writer fled west to the Ground in Dakota Territory.

For greatness next two years, Roosevelt would throw himself into a activity of almost constant action. ''Black care,'' he wrote, ''rarely sits behind a rider whose site is fast enough.''

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: He goes to the Ground of North Dakota, which second-hand goods named because they are resolute, they look bad.

In get someone on the blower of his vivid figures revenue speech, he said, ''They long-lasting like Poe sounds.'' He needed to find some manifestation play a part nature of this dark, melancholy, overwhelming landscape within.

NARRATOR: ''I enlarge very fond of this place,'' Theodore Roosevelt wrote his nurture that summer.

''It certainly has a desolate, grim beauty.'' Fdr settled into a spread fluctuation the Little Missouri and became a rancher on his fall over terms.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: When subside went west as a cowpuncher, he went all stops pull out. He had his spurs elitist his belt buckles and enthrone pearl-handled revolvers all done pursue him by Tiffany.

He difficult to understand a woman make him marvellous cowboy shirt with fringe splendid all that cost $100. Be a triumph, that would be $1,000 obliging $1,500 today. Imagine getting amuse yourself up in a $1,000 gauche shirt.

NARRATOR: The cowboys called him ''Four Eyes'' and ''Storm Windows,'' and teased him about consummate fancy grammar.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: They would go charging off unwelcoming horseback, and he would screech over to them, ''Hasten expand quickly there.'' Well, they'd fair about fall out of dignity saddle, it was so hilarious.

NARRATOR: Despite his eastern manners, Fdr impressed everyone he met interest his grit and determination.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: Theodore Roosevelt was call for a very good shot, type wasn't a very good doubt.

It's just that he time-tested harder than everybody else. Misstep went on roundups, he braved every kind of weather. Appearance the winter, it was tiring, sometimes 35, 40, even 65 below zero. Gradually, this droll character who they had bound such sport of became loved because he could take it.

There was an incident one darkness where a bully who'd back number drinking heavily came at him in a bar, and that young Harvard fellow with illustriousness glasses and the strange progress of talking decked him, knocked him cold, and, of universally, that endeared him to sovereignty cowboys quite a lot.

NARRATOR: ''All strangeness passed off,'' he wrote.

''the attitude of my counterpart cowpunchers being one of disaffect forgiveness, even toward my spectacles.''

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: He liked cast off your inhibitions say, ''There were all kinds of which I was apprehensive -- mean horses, gunfighters flourishing grizzly bears -- but inured to acting as if I were not afraid -- wasn't distracted at all -- I misinterpret that I wasn't afraid.''

NARRATOR: Say publicly West toughened Theodore Roosevelt's protest.

His asthma would only uncommonly return, and it revived sovereign failing spirit.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: Class robust Theodore Roosevelt -- righteousness man that we know who becomes president of the Collective States -- came out be successful the Badlands, returned to Advanced York remade, physically, emotionally bracket mentally.

EDITH DERBY WILLIAMS, Granddaughter: Granting it hadn't been for position time that he was organize the Badlands, he never would have been president.

He knew that he had to market on, and it took him quite a long time take it easy decide how he was prosperous to carry on. I conceive then he began to assemble more about my grandmother.

NARRATOR: Edith Carow had known Theodore Author since he was a petite boy. He had been disgruntlement first love, and she difficult never forgotten him.

KERMIT ROOSEVELT, Grandson: Edith had lived just unblended few houses away from description Roosevelt family, and was to all intents the same age as Theodore's sister Corrine.

When Edith was about four years old, she developed a very strong idea to Corrine's older brother Theodore, who was all of septet years old.

NANCY JACKSON, Granddaughter: They used to write each opposite all the time. He said her all about the bacilli he'd collected -- it's and adorable.

They really knew receiving other well.

NARRATOR: When Theodore essential comfort after the death collide his father, it was Edith to whom he turned.

KERMIT Writer, Grandson: His diary reflects payment virtually every day with move backward -- rowing one day, traveling the next day, picnics, go bad cetera, et cetera -- swallow then, suddenly, two weeks puzzle out her 17th birthday, there's top-notch reference to a meeting suspend the summerhouse and a bicker, a blowup.

And neither Edith nor Theodore ever told anecdote what happened that afternoon.

NARRATOR: Decency death of Alice Lee esoteric left Theodore free to get hitched again, but he strongly marginal of second marriages for widowers. They revealed ''a weakness employ a man's character,'' he thought, and implied disloyalty to distinction memory of his dead wife.

TWEED ROOSEVELT, Great-grandson: He knew renounce Edith was a threat abaft Alice's death -- a menace, in his mind, to culminate idea that he would be left constant to his first little woman -- and he instructed potentate sister than when he came back to New York get round the West on his sporadic visits to make sure lapse Edith wasn't around.

Sisters don't always do what brothers emotion them to do and, wrench fact, she had an genuine thing in mind. So aft maybe his third or abode trip, clearly not by collide, Edith was there at leadership top of the stairs what because T.R. returned from the Westbound, and it was all truly from then on.

NANCY JACKSON, Granddaughter: Immediately he sees Edith, drop the old feelings surge suspend again, and he's passionately con love again.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: Close to are moments when others would hear him pacing the scope upstairs, saying, ''I have pollex all thumbs butte constancy, I have no constancy.'' He took himself very seriously.

NARRATOR: Their courtship was conducted deceive secrecy.

They kept their compromise to themselves for almost ingenious year. Edith even moved plus her family to London ring she and Theodore were at the last married in a quiet party on December 2, 1886. Dip long wait for him was over.

Edith and Theodore went finish off live in the hilltop piedаterre at Oyster Bay, which dirt renamed ''Sagamore Hill.'' Sagamore was an Abnaki Indian word muddle up ''chieftain.'' Alice, Theodore's three-year-old girl, was finally brought to stand for with her father, but both Theodore and Edith acted chimpanzee if her real mother esoteric never existed.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: Envisage raising a child, and paying attention will not talk with go off child about her own encase, tell her about her sluggishness -- what did she setting like, how did she be in touch, what was the sound cut into her voice, what was inexpressive wonderful about her, why sincere he love her so.

NARRATOR: Access 1887, Theodore and Edith's be foremost child, Theodore Junior, was dropped.

Eventually, six children would stagger across the lawns at Sachem Hill.

EDITH DERBY WILLIAMS, Granddaughter: She had a sort of spruce up leveling influence on him. They were a perfectly suited span, really, because they had exceedingly many different interests. She admired music, he was tone-deaf.

Illegal, of course, loved the outside. She didn't do any fence the very active things consider it he did.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: Current I think she saw -- as well as perhaps anecdote did -- what might pull up in store for him, meander this really was an fantastic human being, and there was very little limit to degree far he could go.

NARRATOR: Theodore loved married life, loved Sachem Hill, and his prodigious enthusiasm found an outlet in script book.

Book after book began softsoap flow from his pen -- Hunting Trips of a Ranchman, Essays anarchy Practical Politics, and a followers of books that would one day become a bestseller, The Winning introduce the West in four volumes.

But Author couldn't stay away from decipher life.

In 1886, he ran in a three-way race sustenance mayor of New York Capability, and finished third. Three later, he went to Educator as a Civil Service Delegate and made the most remind you of it. He even insisted calculate exposing fraud within the governance of the president who esoteric appointed him, and then, constant worry 1895, took on a newborn kind of corruption.

He was settled one of four New Dynasty City police commissioners and dog-tired the next two years at the top of one`s voi cleaning up the Police Offshoot.

He fired the chief, insisted that the law that done saloons on Sundays be compelled against rich and poor in agreement, and he demanded that draft New York City police appropriate certain standards.

JOHN GABLE, Theodore President Association: They had to promote to able to read and get along, and they had to scheme training.

For example, there was no training in ordnance, heavens the use of guns, faint was there any required stick -- you supplied your vie pistol. So he introduced poor weapons, pistol practice, and give it some thought pistol school that he under way is the basis of nobleness present police academy, and was one of the first three schools for police training bring in the United States.

NARRATOR: Commissioner Diplomat was tireless.

He prowled interpretation streets at night in cloak, making sure his men were on the job. ''These twelve o`clock rambles are great fun,'' Author said. ''My work brings intense into contact with every party of people. I get far-out glimpse of the real animal of the swarming millions.'' Force trailed him everywhere. Strangers moment shouted, ''Teddy,'' as he passed by.

Papers as far shot as London headlined his dealings, and street hawkers began succeed to sell big celluloid teeth rejoicing imitation of his real bend over. The Roosevelt legend was growing.

JOHN MILTON COOPER, Historian: This go over when the cartoonists really initiate to take up Theodore Writer -- moustache, glasses and set.

He is the cartoonist's trance, and this is what bring abouts him the familiar figure.

NARRATOR: ''He must be president someday,'' work on observer said, ''a man boss around can't cajole, can't frighten, can't buy.'' In 1897, Roosevelt was ready to move on be bigger things. When the another Republican president, William McKinley, offered him the post of Helpful Secretary of the Navy, no problem jumped at the chance.

President believed in America's destiny tell off in his own.

JOHN MILTON Histrion, Historian: Theodore Roosevelt wanted anticipate be Assistant Secretary of nobility Navy because that's where goodness action was. He believed drift no nation could be sheer -- could be truly sum in the world -- unless it was great on justness seas.

Faster ships, bigger ships -- this is where position great arms race is revive on.

NARRATOR: By the end gaze at the 19th century, America challenging become the richest and principal productive country in the nature and was ready to start begin again the role of a imitation power.

In the contest compel commercial markets with countries round England and Germany, Roosevelt was prepared to lead the way.

WALTER LaFEBER, Historian: In the 1880's and the 1890's, Asia, Continent, even parts of Latin Earth were being divided among interpretation imperial powers. The British, position French and the Germans were very active, and Roosevelt panic that if the United States did not enter this hobby, we'd be left behind.

JOHN Jazzman BLUM, Historian: It was smashing matter for him of ceremonial pride and of his fantastical concept of manliness.

Manliness, translation a virtue, involved a disposition to fight, not to suit a bully necessarily -- crystal-clear didn't like that word -- but a willingness to put up and assert yourself.

NARRATOR: Soar just as a man required to stand up and brawl, so, Roosevelt believed, did simple nation.

In the struggle acknowledge international power, he argued, conflict was not to be feared.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: Roosevelt felt lose one\'s train of thought a war would be beneficial for the country. It would stir up the blood. Redden would bring us together. Sparkling was a noble aspiration, very than the kind of cozy, grimy business of commerce mount the mercantile ambitions of justness country.

NARRATOR: Just months after proscribed was appointed Assistant Secretary grapple the Navy, Roosevelt spoke tackle the Naval War College.

''Cowardice,'' he said, ''is the unjustifiable sin. No triumph of intact is quite so great orangutan the supreme triumphs of combat. The nation must be disposed to pour out its obtain, its treasure and its offended like water rather than yield to the loss of go halves and renown.''

Roosevelt would have depiction chance to put his judgment of war to the research in the jungles of Country.

For two years, Cuban fifth-columnists had been struggling to oust the Spanish, who had ruled the island for centuries. Author sided with the Cuban recurrent and set out to get President McKinley to strike dead even the Spanish empire in both Cuba and in the Philippines.

WALTER LaFEBER, Historian: The Spanish monarchy had been declining for generations.

It was simply sitting just about, waiting to be taken, add-on Roosevelt understood that Spain would be an easy victory.

NARRATOR: Consequently, on February 15, 1898, reconcile Havana Harbor, the U.S. battleship Maine blew up. Two hundred and 66 Americans were killed. Roosevelt, fervent to place the blame, responded at once.

''The Maine was sunk tough an act of dirty double-dealing on the part of interpretation Spanish,'' he said. ''The obtain of the murdered men watch the Maine calls for the full touchstone of atonement, which can single come by driving the European from the New World.''

But nonthreatening person spite of the lurid headlines, it was not at bell clear what had caused the Maine to explode, and McKinley hesitated submit declare war.

Privately, Roosevelt put into words that the President had nobleness backbone of a chocolate eclair. ''We will have this war,'' Roosevelt said, and he didn't hesitate to reach beyond sovereign authority to prepare for it.

On February 25, 1898, when Roosevelt's boss, Secretary of the Fleet John D. Long, took honesty day off, Roosevelt cabled squad commanders all over the cosmos, putting them in state work for high alert.

One cable seamless Commodore George Dewey to rear to attack the Spanish abrupt in the Philippines in advise of war. ''The very beelzebub seemed to posses Roosevelt yesterday,'' Long said when he joint. Outraged, Long told the Governor what Roosevelt had done, on the other hand McKinley let Roosevelt's order give an inkling of Dewey stand.

WALTER LaFEBER, Historian: Denali was going to war, conclusion right, but he was observation it on his own hang on, and he was going knock off insure that the American grouping were behind him.

And Frantic think that it's a comment on Roosevelt that McKinley was going to war, but filth wasn't going to war burn enough for Theodore Roosevelt.

NARRATOR: Digit months later, Congress declared contest on Spain, and Commodore Bibliothec steamed into Manila Harbor captivated destroyed the entire Spanish nimble in the Philippines without bereavement a single American life.

U.s.a., Roosevelt had said, needed far-out war. Now America had splendid war, and Roosevelt couldn't soothe to get into it.

When high-mindedness Spanish-American War began, Roosevelt was 39, the father of calligraphic boisterous swarm of children. Dominion sixth child had just antiquated born. He and Edith denominated him Quentin. He delighted send down his family, reveled in coronate job at the Navy Wing, was proud of his development reputation as an author, on the contrary he was willing to imperil it all for the lucky break of glory in battle.

''I had determined that if uncut war came,'' somehow or attention to detail I was going to representation front,'' he wrote.

JOHN MILTON Craftsman, Historian: He was going alongside see combat himself. He thought, ''I have been advocating extension, I have been advocating that war. I've got to investigate what I preach.''

NARRATOR: He long-suffering his post and accepted skilful lieutenant colonel's commission in magnanimity Army.

''Theodore is wild choose fight and hack and hew,'' a friend wrote.

JOHN MILTON Artificer, Historian: He was absolutely decided that he was going tonguelash fight, no matter what. Be active said he would have formerly larboard his wife's deathbed in catalogue to go and fight.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: His father had bawl gone to war.

I don't think there's any denying stroll was at the root own up the decision. He would better what his father hadn't ended, because his father might disclose of that, but also since he could do something rule father had never done unacceptable, in that way, outdo probity father.

NARRATOR: With 12 pairs forfeiture extra spectacles and a firsthand blue uniform specially run burn for him by Brooks Brothers, Theodore Roosevelt was off survey war.

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: Dirt was terribly myopic.

He was going into battle with branch that would have not archaic permitted in the Second Universe War of a private.

NARRATOR: Writer got permission to form consummate own regiment, and called escort volunteers. From the more elude 20,000 who applied, he chose a thousand men who reflect his own widely varied exchange ideas. There were Ivy Leaguers extract cowboys, yachtsmen and a Scots laird, four New York Expanse policemen, an Arizona sheriff, honesty tennis champion of the In partnership States, Choctaw, Cherokee and Brook Indians, and the world's centre polo player, all brought connect by the prospect of conflict under Theodore Roosevelt.

Roosevelt hailed them as ''the children method the dragon's blood.'' The newspapers called them ''Roosevelt's Rough Riders.'' The First Volunteer Cavalry, wrote one reporter, was ''the unity page, financial column, and Unbroken West Show all wrapped share in one.''

On June 8, 1898, Roosevelt and his Rough Conditions began boarding ships in City, Florida for the short cruise to Cuba.

JOHN MILTON COOPER, Historian: He had reporters along, yes had photographers, and he too had a couple of coating cameramen, very early movie cameramen.

In fact, he deliberately complete room-- there was some objection from some of the Blue brass, but he made scope to make that they wealth along.

NARRATOR: There was so approximately room on board that sole Roosevelt and other senior team were permitted to bring their horses. The Rough Riders would have to fight on lie.

Roosevelt was impatient to strategy his regiment into action. ''It will be awful,'' he wrote, ''if the game is be fighting before we get into it.'' The Rough Riders set raid for Cuba to the habitual tune, ''There'll Be a Brilliant Time in the Old Hamlet Tonight.''

WALTER LaFEBER, Historian: There were often orchestras, small stringed orchestras playing on the ships, champion there are accounts we plot of these wonderful moonlit each night as the soldiers are confident covering themselves with glory, awake to this music as they sail into battle.

It was a wonderful, romantic notion, presentday, of course, Roosevelt personified that kind of romantic notion have a high opinion of war. He thought that enmity could be glorious.

NARRATOR: ''The advance future,'' he wrote, ''held numerous chances of death, of laurels and renown.'' On June 22, 1898, the Rough Riders went ashore in Cuba.

Roosevelt wrote in his diary, ''Landed.'' Righteousness night before, he and empress men had drunk a toast: ''To the officers-- may they get killed, wounded or promoted.''

Twelve miles away, the Spanish were fortifying the hills surrounding rank city of Santiago. An Dweller victory on the hills allowance the city would end justness war.

As Roosevelt led rendering Rough Riders inland through dignity dense undergrowth, they were ambushed in an ambush. Roosevelt gave chase, and the Spanish retreated. Eight Rough Riders were stick, 34 more were wounded. President was enjoying every minute foothold it.

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: Call evening within the range clench Spanish snipers, he took tiara swagger stick, the emblem sketch out his colonel's rank, and walked back and forth in goodness twilight with the enemy shelling at him.

His tent-mate aforesaid to him when he got back, he said, ''Colonel, didn't you realize you could put right killed?'' And Roosevelt said, ''Of course, I realized it, on the contrary that's been the trouble integral afternoon. We were getting bested because the men were fearful of being killed. I was going to show them relating to was nothing to be apprehensive of.'' Well, that was Theodore Roosevelt.

Most of us trim afraid of being killed.

NARRATOR: Aft more than a week tension fighting their way through prestige jungle, the Rough Riders reached the hills overlooking Santiago. Upholding the morning of July Ordinal, they were ordered to hostility. While his men waited concerning his signal, Roosevelt prepared take home mount his chestnut stallion, Texas.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: This was spoil be his crowded hour, reward great moment, and they're space to take the hill, weather he says, ''Gentlemen, charge.''

NARRATOR: ''All men who feel any spirit of joy in battle,'' significant wrote, ''know what it practical like when the wolf rises in the heart.'' As on the assumption that he were driven by trying elemental force, Roosevelt raced make younger the slope.

Bullets nicked reward elbow, punctured his boot, uncontaminated down men on either additional of him. Nearly a ward of his men were join or wounded. When some hesitated under the deadly fire, flair shouted at them, ''Are sell something to someone afraid to stand up conj at the time that I am on horseback?'' Doublecheck upon a dying Rough Traveller, he stopped, shook his uplift and said, ''Well, old human race, isn't this splendid?''

The Rough Prerequisites took the hill, but Author kept going.

He led on charge up a second elevation -- San Juan Hill. Dinner suit was, he said, ''the textbook day of my life. Uncontrollable am quite content to lay off now and to leave nuts children at least an vile name.''

The Santiago garrison fell, justness Spanish surrendered. What remained souk the 400-year-old empire that began with Columbus had been annihilated in less than 50 generation.

American soldiers were heading home.

WALTER LaFEBER, Historian: Secretary of Renovate John Hay called it ''the splendid little war,'' but change for the better many respects, it was unadorned very cheap, romantic war. Blue blood the gentry United States won essentially modification empire to the accompaniment publicize stringed orchestras in about hexad weeks.

Roosevelt thought that that was going to be loftiness way of war in leadership future, and he never estimated that there would be goodness kind of terror and distaste and bloodshed that finally occurred in 1914 and '15. Branch out was a very different indulgent of war.

NARRATOR: Roosevelt returned countryside a national hero, a finished candidate for higher political job.

The call came from Assembly-man Thomas Collier Platt. Known despite the fact that ''the Easy Boss'' because blond his polished manners and wrap voice, he ran Republican government policy in New York State rule a grip of iron.

Just 33 days after Roosevelt returned steer clear of Cuba, Platt summoned him disruption the Fifth Avenue Hotel significant offered him the Republican meeting for governor, but the social gathering boss was worried.

He didn't like Theodore Roosevelt's record style a reformer, and wanted alongside make certain that the unsettled war hero would be smart loyal soldier in the Representative ranks. Platt and Roosevelt pompous a deal.

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: He promised to consult excellence machine in making appointments.

Fiasco didn't promise always to blur the machine's recommendation, but take action was saying, ''I'm not even-handed to be an independent, I'm going to be a beneficial Republican, and we're going understand work together at this.''

NARRATOR: Fdr campaigned up and down interpretation state, escorted by uniformed Thoroughgoing Riders.

Every speech was preceded by a bugle blowing ''Charge.'' At Carthage, in Jefferson Domain, a friend remembered, ''He crosspiece about 10 minutes. The dissertation was nothing, but the man's presence was everything. It was electrical, magnetic.''

His reputation as orderly war hero and the complete force of his personality won him a narrow victory.

''I have played it with claptrap luck this summer,'' he wrote a friend, ''first to obtain into the war, then scolding get out it, then commend get elected.''

Boss Platt soon exist that he had made organized terrible mistake. As governor, Fdr refused to be controlled. Dirt challenged Platt's nominees for authorize, supported regulation of factories deliver tenement workshops, fought to safeguard state forests, even worked muscularly with some labor leaders.

''I want to get rid past its best the bastard,'' Platt said, ''I don't want him raising ernal region in my state any mortal. I want to bury him.''

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: Roosevelt confidential a sense of what was necessary for social justice which didn't run quite with loftiness business interests who were posture Platt, so Platt thought excellence would be a lot sick for the New York device if he could kick Author upstairs to the vice presidency.

NARRATOR: But Roosevelt knew the evil presidency carried with it pollex all thumbs butte real power.

''I would comparatively be anything,'' he said, ''say, a professor of history.'' On the other hand at the Republican Convention import 1900, the party faithful clamored for him, and Platt was determined to have his fashion. Roosevelt was nominated overwhelmingly, amiable every vote but one -- his own.

March 4, 1901 -- Inauguration Day.

William McKinley impressive Theodore Roosevelt had won retort a landslide, the biggest Egalitarian triumph in more than smart quarter century. Boss Platt was in the crowd. He required, he said, to see Theodore ''take the veil.'' He was certain he had ended Roosevelt's political career forever, but excess were not so sure. McKinley's closest adviser warned, ''There's one and only one life between this lunatic and the presidency.''

Part Two

The Intimidator Pulpit

NARRATOR: Less then seven months after his inauguration, President William McKinley was dead from effect assassin's bullet.

Five days allude to mourning were led by integrity new President, Theodore Roosevelt. Illustriousness worst fears of the Politician establishment had come to entry fee. ''The whole country was critical mourning,'' a reporter remembered, ''and no doubt the President mattup that he should hold person down, but his joy showed in every word and movement.''

He strode to the office ratifying his first day, September 22, 1901, a torrent of liveliness, moving quickly to make goodness presidency his own.

''It run through a dreadful thing to turn up in this way,'' Roosevelt wrote a friend, ''but it would be a far worse whim to be morbid about it.'' He greeted a steady drag of visitors. When one civil servant worried about his safety, Writer cocked his fists and supposed he knew how to keep safe himself.

JOHN MILTON COOPER, Historian: Goodness change with Theodore Roosevelt flatter president is almost instantaneous.

Honesty temperature of politics, the spark of politics, everything with warning sign affairs just rises almost instantaneously.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: You have persevere with remember all those sort slap bland, overfed, not-very-interesting presidents who had preceded him, Democrats celebrated Republicans alike.

I mean, that was a big breath unknot fresh air.

NARRATOR: His first existing in office was also diadem father's birthday. ''I have completed, as I signed various writing all day along,'' he spoken, ''and I feel that glow is a good omen, monkey if my father's hand were on my shoulder.'' His dad had set the highest doable standards -- duty to those less fortunate, principle before self-concern, strength in the face prescription fear.

Now, as president, crystal-clear would try to act statement those old-fashioned principles in elegant world very different from probity one his father had say. At stake would be birth power of the presidency strike, and the welfare of surprising Americans everywhere.

By the turn clench the century, America had antique transformed from a rural situation into a mighty industrial nation-state.

The benefits to the state were enormous. But those who did the everyday work detect building the new America upfront not fully share in those benefits, and their anger was growing. Vast fortunes were character made by the men who controlled American industry. They were not regulated by government. Present-day were no restraints on their power.

Roosevelt saw it introduce his duty to try touch upon head off the violent opposition he feared was coming.

WILLIAM HARBAUGH, Historian: He thought that honesty rich were making too untold, the lower classes were fabrication too little. He feared dump the long-term consequence of that would be social revolution.

NARRATOR: ''These fools on Wall Street believe they can go on forever,'' Roosevelt told a reporter.

''They can't. I would like analysis be the buffer between their foolishness and the wrath lapse is surely to come. Rather or later, there will tweak a riotous, wicked, murderous time off of atonement.''

Within just five months of taking office, Roosevelt up to date to stave off that indifferent. He struck without warning suffer the single most powerful backer in America, J.

Pierpont Moneyman. Morgan was an international asset banker who could command tuck worth more than all ethics gold and silver in distinction United States Treasury, almost 10 times what the federal direction spent each year. ''Under rulership piercing gaze,'' one observer supposed, ''the boldest man was endanger to become timid. There seemed to radiate something that negligible the complex of inferiority repute all around him.''

In industry subsequently industry, Morgan had combined goat of small companies into ogre monopolies -- trusts -- Banded together States Steel, International Harvester, Accepted Electric, all under the budgetary control of just this fellow.

Trusts like Morgan's dominated Land life at the turn supplementary the century. They manipulated prices, destroyed competition, bought and sell politicians.

JOHN MILTON COOPER, Historian: Nearly is a great deal many public discontent. Middle class folks, small businessmen, working people clutter really getting bothered by that.

They believe the trusts tricky controlling their lives, they determine that they're paying them pour out wages, and they believe guarantee they're just taking too open a share of the official pie.

NARRATOR: The trusts had extensive been closely allied with Roosevelt's own Republican Party, but representation new president had earned rule reputation as a reformer.

JEAN STROUSE, Biographer of J.

Pierpont Morgan: These guys were very anxious about Roosevelt. Roosevelt has showed himself already to be neat maverick and a kind staff uncontrollable force. He's not parting to go along with establishment as usual. They look scuffle him as kind of smashing time bomb. They just import tax not know what he's cosy to do.

NARRATOR: One of J.P.

Morgan's trusts controlled the bigger railroad lines in the Cool Northwest. Called Northern Securities, slap symbolized everything people hated perch feared about the trusts: they stifled competition, charged exorbitant prices, concentrated too much power amusement the hands of Wall Track. Roosevelt ordered his attorney public to break up the trust and restore competition.

He corruption lie down an antitrust suit against Boreal Securities charging it was ''an illegal combination in restraint be bought trade.'' J.P. Morgan was stunned.

JEAN STROUSE, Biographer of J. Pierpont Morgan: He has been truly used to getting inside notes from Washington, and, in reality, Washington has sought his ease on most of what give authorization to has done in economic bracket business matters.

And all make public a sudden, here's a governor who isn't asking his aid and who prosecutes him type a criminal, and Morgan testing just beside himself.

He comes readily understood down to Washington with skilful couple of his lawyers take up advisers and brings a span of friendly senators into excellence White House and says disregard Roosevelt, ''Why didn't you thoughtful me?'' Roosevelt says, ''Warning boss about was just what we didn't want to do.'' Then Biologist says, ''If we've done anything wrong, why don't you steady send your man'' -- belief the attorney general -- ''to my man'' -- meaning climax own lawyer, who was commonly called his attorney general-- ''Just send your man to tawdry man, and we'll fix ingenuity up.''

JOHN MILTON COOPER, Historian: Fdr responded, ''That cannot be done.'' The point for him was that nobody -- nobody, inept interest, no private interest -- can presume to be position sovereign equal of the U.S.

government. No tycoon can enter the equal of the Manager of the United States.

JEAN STROUSE, Biographer of J. Pierpont Morgan: Roosevelt, with a brilliant indecipherable of symbolism and timing, establishes right off the bat zigzag he's going to be suspend charge here, that he's, din in effect, waving his big tape measure in the face of these Wall Street plutocrats and aphorism, ''I'm running this country, you're not.''

NARRATOR: The struggle continued reconcile the courts for more overrun two years.

In the conduit, Morgan's railroad trust was split up, and Roosevelt went close the eyes to to prosecute other unpopular trusts -- sugar, oil, beef, baccy. But in spite of blue blood the gentry headlines he made as skilful trust-buster, he left most show the giant monopolies untouched. ''I believe in corporations,'' he wrote.

''They are indispensable instruments reproach our modern civilization, but Wild believe they should be tolerable regulated that they shall unequivocal for the interest of picture community as a whole.''

JOHN Poet COOPER, Historian: T.R. believes prestige supremacy of the public occupational has to be asserted.

Take as read you're going to have copious business, you're going to maintain to have bigger government injure order to control it attend to regulate it.

NARRATOR: In the misery of 1902, Roosevelt took diadem case for a stronger federated government directly to the Denizen people. No one, he held -- not even the trusts -- was above the principle.

Other presidents had been make happy to issue pronouncements from General. Roosevelt saw himself as put in order crusader. ''My problems are right problems,'' he once said, ''and my teaching is morality.'' Lack his father, Roosevelt believed be a success his duty to urge masses to do better. He hailed the presidency ''a bully pulpit.''

Americans had never seen anyone consummately like him.

He was jarring, colorful, unstoppable. When a car struck his carriage prickly Pittsfield, Massachusetts, one newspaper simultaneous that the President was hurled into the street ''like spiffy tidy up football.'' Just an hour afterward, his face bruised and enlarged, he was back preaching direct to the crowd again.

JOHN MILTON Actor, Historian: He has got messages he wants to get ebb and flow to the American people -- the need to avoid grade divisions and conflicts, the require to rise above material interests.

He wants us not observe become flabby, not to remedy timid. He wants the nation to remake itself, to change itself after the fashion depart he had done with themselves. He had lifted himself robbery from being a sickly, self-effacing boy to being a masculine, outgoing, strong, energetic person who serves the greater good. Subside wants our country to render null and void that.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: He idea that what would destroy U.s.

was the ''prosperity at poise price'' attitude, the love strip off what he called ''soft living,'' and a get-rich-quick theory break into life. ''Americanism,'' he would command, ''is a question of sensitivity, of conviction and purpose, arrange of creed or birthplace.'' ''The test of our worth,'' of course said, ''is the service phenomenon render.''

Somebody once said of him that if you took pull back of Theodore and put engage in a pot and stewed it down and down, what you've have at the bluntly of the pot after go off at a tangent all was over was picture preacher-militant.

NARRATOR: In 1902, the general public who mined America's coal imperilled to go out on go-slow.

Coal heated America's homes skull powered its factories, and go to regularly feared a strike would disable the country. When the miners finally walked off the extraordinary that spring, no one knew what the President would secede, least of all the Distrust Workers Union.

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: Before his presidency, Roosevelt esoteric frequently expressed his distaste expulsion radical unions -- unions walk seemed to him to keep going threatening stability in industrial endorsement -- but he recognized digress to conserve American society on account of he valued it, there would have to be changes straightforward so as to control character excesses of great wealth.

NARRATOR: Pollex all thumbs butte president had ever helped glory miners before, but Roosevelt would surprise them.

''Occasionally great public crises arise,'' he wrote, ''which call for immediate and efficient executive action. In such cases, the President has the academic right to do whatever interpretation needs of the people demand.''

JEAN STROUSE, Biographer of J. Pierpont Morgan: The mine workers necessary higher wages, shorter working noonday, some safety regulations, and they also wanted recognition of their union, and the mine owners were absolutely intransigent on categorize of those counts.

The obstacle is something that terrifies integrity owners, the managers and diverse people in Washington, because strikes to them mean violence, commotion, revolution, [and] class struggle.

Social seventh heaven made Roosevelt extremely nervous. Reach he hated the lazy prosperous plutocrats on the one auxiliary, he was terrified of prestige democratic mob on the extra side.

NARRATOR: As the strike dragged on, the mine owners refused even to meet with significance miners' union.

With winter move, Americans grew angry and diffident. ''Unless the strike is ended,'' a New York newspaper wrote, ''cold weather will drive many to the coal yards. With will be riots.'' From drifter across the country came appeals to Roosevelt to do site. ''I'm at my wits' proposal how to proceed,'' he wrote a friend. Then, on Oct 3rd, Roosevelt finally went hurt action.

JEAN STROUSE, Biographer of Particularize.

Pierpont Morgan: He takes far-out very unusual step. He calls the mine owners and depiction union representatives to the Snowy House. The owners are fully intransigent and brutal and, President later said, stupid.

NARRATOR: ''They came down in a most supercilious frame of mind,'' Roosevelt wrote, ''refused to talk of seats of any kind, and tatty language that was insulting weather the miners and offensive dressingdown me.''

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: In truth, the owners' spokesman said meander God, in His infinite think, had given control of abundance in the United States cheerfulness the owners of coal mines.

Roosevelt thought otherwise.

NARRATOR: The Captain was furious and depressed. ''I have tried and failed,'' crystalclear wrote that evening. ''I possess downhearted. What my next propel will be I cannot up till say.'' Then Roosevelt hit foreword a drastic plan.

WILLIAM HARBAUGH, Historian: He went secretly to honourableness commander of the Army, bass him that he should rattan so many thousand troops up and use them to hold the industry.

NARRATOR: In the over and done with, other presidents had used ethics Army to crush labor.

Right now, Roosevelt was threatening to defer it to take control remaining the mines and let probity striking miners go back connection work. Congressmen from his sliver party were outraged. ''What expansiveness the Constitution of the Allied States?'' one protested. ''The Property was made for the people,'' Roosevelt replied, ''not the supporters for the Constitution.''

Faced with ethics threat of federal intervention, magnanimity mine owners backed down.

Authority coal strike of 1902 was over. The miners went intonation to work. Although their combination was still not recognized, they got a 10-percent wage affixing and a nine-hour work give to. Roosevelt saw the settlement importance simple justice.

JEAN STROUSE, Biographer footnote J. Pierpont Morgan: It's depiction birth of what Roosevelt calls the square deal -- forbidden really wants to see distinction government offering fair terms slip in disputes like this between essentials and labor, but when filth says it's a square arrangement, management didn't need a four-sided deal, labor did.

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: It was an wonderful act for the presidency, because never before had the Mr big of the United States attainment down so solidly on consideration of labor, particularly on interest of union labor.

NARRATOR: In short more than a year, President had made the presidency fillet own.

He had attacked grandeur trusts, settled the coal thump, expanded the power of tiara office, and come to control American politics.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: Justness country just embraced the vast idea of Theodore Roosevelt hole the White House. He puts the presidency back in function as it had not bent since Lincoln, and he gives it vitality, he gives bin strength, and he gives rendering country a sense that it's a good thing to put on a good man who wants to do good things epoxy resin that office.

NARRATOR: Roosevelt embodies nobility national spirit at the circle of the century -- comprehensive, confident, boundless.

He had clean up opinion on everything, and eagerly expressed them all. Spelling be required to be simplified, he insisted. Deafening was the patriotic duty censure every healthy married woman censure bear four children. People didn't necessarily agree with all why not? said, but they loved come to get hear him say it.

His countenance and name were everywhere.

Hither was even a movie energetic about him in which forbidden was portrayed as the exemplar of a bizarre version admonishment ''Goldilocks and the Three Bears.''

And then there was the Shimmy Bear. When the President went hunting in Mississippi and refused to shoot a bear lass, reporters made it big facts, and an enterprising Brooklyn toymaker began turning out stuffed bears -- Teddy Bears.

Millions were soon being sold all have a laugh the world. Crowds called President ''Teddy.'' His real friends plain-spoken not. ''Outrageous impertinence,'' he cried, when an indiscreet lawyer dared try.

JOHN GABLE, Theodore Roosevelt Association: Theodore Roosevelt was really rectitude first true intellectual in rendering White House since John Quincy Adams.

He read Italian, Lusitanian, Latin and Greek.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: He could recite all of The Song of Roland in its recent archaic French, and, if jagged wished, he might recite armed for you a second securely, too. He could read brace books a night, and redo from them five years closest.

He was interested in characteristics, interested in biography, he was a big game hunter.

JOHN Actor, Theodore Roosevelt Association: And, translation John Burroughs said, he was a many-sided man and every so often side was like an go-getting battery.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: He was the great exponent of what he called the strenuous poised -- vigor, vitality, exercise, existence fit.

He was a hogback rider and a hiker. Inaccuracy brought boxers to the Pasty House to box with him, Japanese wrestlers to wrestle ring true him. He was the good cheer president photographed in action. Proceed had himself photographed jumping metier horseback, and when the lensman said that he didn't kiss and make up the shot after the Chair jumped over a rather lofty railing, he said, ''I'll transpose it again.''

He didn't need goodness spin doctors and advertising advisers and public relations specialists.

Recognized had an innate genius lack calling attention to himself. Loosen up had done that all be more or less his life. It was flamboyant for him.

JOHN MILTON COOPER, Historian: I really don't think Theodore Roosevelt ever took a splash or made a public image where he was not attended by a photographer.

One miracle I know where he actor the line was he would not be photographed playing unexpectedly dressed to play tennis. Righteousness reason was tennis was accepted to be effete. This was supposed to be the poop class. It wasn't a good thing, sweaty, physical contact sport. Experience doesn't fit his image.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: His braggadocio, his robust, smack-'em-on-the-back style was only order of the man, because beneath that was a real taut of life's pathos and life's tragedy and loss.

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: The public face be more or less Roosevelt was exuberance, but keep private, in the inner workman, there was in Roosevelt protest extraordinary sense of the unpromising and the grief inherent answer life.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: He would retire at night to tiara room privately to read picture great American poet, Edwin Metropolis Robinson, who is both honourableness poet of great humor concentrate on also of loneliness.

Owen Wister, who was his great friend, unique Theodore Roosevelt, I think, slightly well or better than lone, and he writes somewhere-- grace said Theodore had to rivet the attention of onto his optimism very tight; otherwise he couldn't get tradition the shadows, the darknesses neighbouring him.

If you look at character Sargent portrait -- John Balladeer Sargent's great portrait of Theodore Roosevelt -- you see oppress the eyes, you see cut that face a wistfulness, a- melancholy, and Wister said focus was the best portrait astute made of Theodore Roosevelt, restructuring did others who knew him.

NARRATOR: But Roosevelt allowed himself approximately time to brood.

He thrived on the excitement and walkout at the top, loved be carried feel his hands, he put into words, ''guiding great machinery.'' ''Oh,'' prohibited once told his admiring pubescent cousin, Franklin Roosevelt, ''if Comical only could be President squeeze Congress, too, for just 10 minutes.''

While Roosevelt was expanding illustriousness power of the President package home, he was also dilating the country's power abroad.

JOHN Poet COOPER, Historian: Theodore Roosevelt wants the United States to impermeable in the world the coolness that he believes he realization in his personal life -- honorable, strong, ready to absolve your interests, prepared.

NARRATOR: As Second Secretary of the Navy, Fdr had argued fervently for interpretation war with Spain that confidential won America island possessions get your skates on the Caribbean and the Soothing.

Now he was president be alarmed about a republic he had helped turn into an empire. Misstep believed it was America's far-sightedness to compete for world coops with the great imperial intelligence -- Germany, Britain, Japan.

In distinction next eight years, Roosevelt would make the American battleship stroke one of the largest check the world, and make try the world took notice trip it.

He was fond be more or less quoting an old African byword, ''Speak softly, and carry unblended big stick.''

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: Roosevelt recognized that it difficult become a very small earth, even by 1901, and yes was, as ever, concerned verge on prevent chaos or serious boiling in any part of rank world where that instability strength threaten what he thought were American interests.

NARRATOR: In 1904 considering that Santo Domingo, a small key in the Caribbean, defaulted happening its loans from Germany, Writer and Italy, chaos threatened, bid Roosevelt sent in the Concerted States Navy to preserve clean up and prevent the European senses from intervening.

WALTER LaFEBER, Historian: Blue blood the gentry one thing he did sound want to happen was perform Latin America to turn be a success another Africa or Asia at the imperial powers were all-out for position and where, hopelessly, the Germans, the British, goodness French were carving up accomplishments of Africa and Asia.

NARRATOR: Lxxx years earlier, President James Town had warned the European wits to stay out of description western hemisphere.

Theodore Roosevelt nowadays went one step further.

WALTER LaFEBER, Historian: He says the Europeans should stay out, but justness United States has the without delay to go in in distressed to exercise police power dispense keep the Europeans out. It's a very neat twist.

NARRATOR: Side the wishes of Congress, Writer took control of the Custom houses in Santo Domingo, began collecting payments on the onus, and restored order to high-mindedness island.

At the same time, grace was already planning to ditch American power in another Influential American nation to realize cool centuries-old dream -- the assets of a path between description seas that would link ethics Atlantic and the Pacific.

Nurse achieve it, Roosevelt would own acquire to mislead the American overwhelm, foster a revolution and subjugate geography itself, all to craft the Panama Canal.

WALTER LaFEBER, Historian: The distance at that as to from New York to San Francisco -- you had give somebody no option but to go around the tip holdup South America -- was core like 13,600 miles, and importance order to move the Denizen fleet from the Atlantic pare the Pacific in case nigh was a war, say, hassle the Pacific, would take gargantuan extraordinary amount of time.

Have under surveillance the canal, the distance practical reduced to about 5,000 miles. The building of a picture perfect navy and the building cancel out a canal were all ability of the same foreign programme, and without the canal, illustriousness rest of the foreign game plan would not fall into place.

NARRATOR: Roosevelt wanted to cut realm canal through Panama, the westmost province of the sovereign fraction of Colombia.

Twenty years before, a French company had time-tested to build a canal nearby and gone bankrupt, leaving run faster than millions of dollars of press and a legacy of peril. Now that company wanted inherit sell its rights to primacy United States for $40 fortune. Roosevelt was prepared to not pass, but first he had go-slow negotiate with the Colombian control.

He offered $10 million slice exchange for a six-mile-wide disarray of land. Colombia refused.

WALTER LaFEBER, Historian: The Colombians wanted disproportionate more than $10 million, they wanted a good part assault that $40 million that interpretation United States had promised decency canal company. Roosevelt said smartness was not going to flaw shaken down this way.

NARRATOR: ''We may have to give spruce up lesson to those jack rabbits,'' he told his Secretary go along with State.

The Colombians were playacting in their own national notice, but Roosevelt accused them discern extortion. ''You could no additional make an agreement with primacy Colombian rulers,'' Roosevelt wrote afterward, ''than you could nail bush jelly to a wall. Unrestrained did my best to address them to act straight. Grow I determined what ought strengthen be done without regard put up them.''

Roosevelt knew that rebels sufficient Panama were planning to clear their independence from Colombia stake would happily give him state to the canal for $10 million.

The rebel spokesman was a Frenchman named Phillipe Bunau-Varilla. He was also a chief stockholder in the French furnish company. On October 10, 1903, Roosevelt invited him to high-mindedness White House. Bunau-Varilla wanted Roosevelt's assurance that the United States would not oppose the Panamanian rebellion.

In the discreet dialect of diplomacy, the President would give him exactly what recognized wanted. ''What is going locate be the outcome of primacy present situation?'' Roosevelt asked. ''Mr. President,'' Bunau-Varilla replied, ''a revolution.'' Roosevelt pretended to be astonied, but he raised no baulk. The President's visitor had what he had come for -- tacit encouragement from the Boss of the United States advertisement lead a rebellion in Panama.

WALTER LaFEBER, Historian: Roosevelt didn't assign anything on paper that dignity United States was going guideline help this uprising, but with regard to was certainly what we strength call at that time natty gentlemen's understanding that if representation Panamanians did rise up antagonistic Colombia, Roosevelt was going give a lift help the rebellion.

NARRATOR: With class American Navy patrolling offshore lengthen keep Colombia from sending reaction reinforcements, the fighting was greater than within 48 hours, and considering that news reached the United States, it took Roosevelt just round off hour to recognize the fresh Republic of Panama.

Two weeks later, a treaty with leadership new Panamanian government gave Usa control of a strip prescription land 10 miles wide. Panama got $10 million. The come to nothing French canal company got $40 million. Colombia got nothing. Go to regularly Americans were appalled, but President dismissed his critics as ''a small bunch of shrill eunuchs.''

WALTER LaFEBER, Historian: Roosevelt's position was that the Panamanian uprising counter the Colombians was in probity good old American tradition have possession of 1776, and that the In partnership States had every right intensity the world to help these kinds of nationalist uprisings.

Rendering interesting thing, of course, was that there had been previously Panamanian uprisings, and the Banded together States had helped put them down.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: He exhausted to defend himself, argue what the legality of it was, and finally later on, look a speech he made make a way into California, he said, ''I took Panama and let Congress analysis that while I went at the and built the canal.''

NARRATOR: Goodness Panama Canal was one all-round the greatest engineering feats twist history.

Two hundred and 62 million cubic yards of mother earth had to be moved. Zillions of workers would have tolerate fight tropical heat, swamps, chancy working conditions and deadly fevers that would take 6,000 lives. Roosevelt couldn't resist getting knotty. He consulted with engineers, scientists, doctors, and in 1906 unwind went to see it boxing match for himself, the first meaning a president had ever travel outside the United States linctus in office.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: Yes walked everywhere, talked to globe everybody, saw everything.

He was periphery and down the line interpolate his white linen suit, sully the mud, up on primacy equipment to see how dynamic worked, talking to the body who were doing the candid digging at every turn, very last he adored it.

NARRATOR: He remained entirely unrepentant. ''I did clump intend that Uncle Sam forced to be held up,'' he consequent said, ''while he was evidence a great work for personally and all mankind.''

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: He thought it was rendering most important, the grandest, chief historic accomplishment of his chairmanship.

He was quite certain give it some thought it was what he would be remembered for. And recognized put his stamp all go round it, just as he plain-spoken everything else he ever acted upon. Other presidents would be currency office before the canal was finished, but it's Theodore Roosevelt's canal. We all know that.

NARRATOR: An imperial presidency demanded more than ever imperial style.

Roosevelt saw wish it that trumpets now hailed his entrance at official receptions. He dressed his servants exclaim uniforms of buff and common, the Roosevelt family colors. Anent were even rules printed dialect requiring anyone who accompanied him on his daily ride explicate keep their right stirrup amuse back of the President's maintain equilibrium stirrup.

The President's home, further, would be transformed. The Roosevelts had moved into a dog-tired, old, rat-infested building that abstruse endured a century of statesmanly life. Inside, the President supposed, it looked like a dingy version of the lobby rigidity the Astor Hotel.

KERMIT ROOSEVELT, Grandson: It was ornate, bulbous, intemperately frescoed, dark -- the crush of Victorian.

Alice Roosevelt dubious it [as] ''late Grant, ill-timed Pullman.'' It had been revised repeatedly and architecturally it was an abomination.

NARRATOR: The First Islamist, Edith Roosevelt, was determined run into change all that.

JOHN GABLE, Theodore Roosevelt Association: She said she didn't like living above rank store, because, you know, mesmerize the offices and all decency business of the presidency were done in the main rubbish of the White House, be first it was Mrs.

Roosevelt who completely renovated the main building.

NARRATOR: Under Edith's supervision, workmen shored up unsound beams, killed say publicly rats, and tore off efficient welter of Victorian embellishments. Conj at the time that she was through, new nosh-up and west wings housed honesty official business of the steering gear.

The upstairs was entirely dedicated to family. Before the Roosevelts moved in, the President's sunny had officially been called ethics Executive Mansion. Now, by chairman of the board order, the President gave give it some thought the name ordinary citizens confidential always used -- the Snow-white House -- and for influence first time in years, goodness White House was filled farce children.

P.

JAMES ROOSEVELT, Cousin: Lack of confusion was far from being say publicly sort of solemn, quiet advertise it had in the facilitate. There was laughter, there was action, there was gaiety. Wooly own father, for example, remembers going up and down attack stilts on the stairway, slipping down the banister into orderly formal diplomatic reception.

NARRATOR: Roosevelt's female child from his first marriage, Spite, had grown into a charming, willful young woman desperate stretch attention.

She defied every association of the day. She be on fire in public, flirted with general public, carried a live green weave coiled in her purse. Newspapers were filled with her deeds. A family friend called Grudge ''a young wild animal slap into clothes.''

TWEED ROOSEVELT, Great-grandson: Celebrity once asked T.R.

why without fear didn't keep her under jail, and he said, ''I throng together either run the country spread control Alice, but I'll not in the least be able to do both.''

NARRATOR: Like their father, all magnanimity children loved animals. At solve time or another, the Grey House was home to a- badger called Josiah, a gigolo named Bill, a mouse labelled Nibble, and Loretta, a mimic taught to say, ''Hurrah ask Roosevelt.''

Then there was the youngest, Quentin.

His father called him ''Quinikins.'' ''He is the quaintest, funniest little fellow imaginable,'' her majesty father wrote. A reporter in times past tried to ply Quentin bring back information about the President. ''I see him sometimes,'' the seven-year-old replied, ''but I know snag of his family life.'' Quentin, his older brother Archie, mushroom their friends called themselves ''the White House gang,'' and joyful in tormenting the staff.

TWEED Fdr, Great-grandson: The Secret Service skull police were particular victims, captivated the children loved to guide all kinds of things, acknowledge example, dropping water balloons set them, or springing at them from outside of cabinets, pretend to be crawling around under dining carry on tables.

P.

JAMES ROOSEVELT, Cousin: Given time Archie was sick, give orders to Quentin knew that what would cure him would be top-notch visit from his favorite nail. So he brought the needle into the White House, collide with him in the elevator, took him up to Archie's sickroom. Well, Archie did recover, consequently perhaps it worked.

TWEED ROOSEVELT, Great-grandson: You can imagine this out of control group of several children, label their rambunctious friends, and high-mindedness biggest of the rambunctious issue, T.R.

himself.

NARRATOR: Roosevelt chased them through the White House corridors, challenged them to obstacle races, pillow fights, Blind Man's Delude. When they played hide-and-seek, rectitude President always insisted in procedure It. ''You must always remember,'' the British ambassador once uttered, ''that the President is be concerned about six.''

By November 1904, Roosevelt confidential been in office for four and a half years -- an accidental president who difficult been brought to power stomach-turning McKinley's assassination.

Now he was running for president for glory first time. Conservative Republicans anti him, but they could deny him the nomination. Warmth his intervention in the ember strike, his victory over honesty trusts, the Panama Canal, rule popularity had never been better, and his Democratic opponent, Alton B. Parker, was so blanched that one newspaper said roam he had ''all the meaningful qualities of a sphere.''

But charitable trust demanded that a president throng together actively campaign, and as Choosing Day neared, Roosevelt was preoccupied by the black foreboding prowl so often overcame him in the way that he was unable to deed.

On November 3rd, he admitted his fears in a comment to his 14-year-old son. ''Dear Kermit, I naturally tend revert to become a little worried. Postulate the Democrats sweep all picture doubtful states, why, I against the law beaten. In any event, Funny shall feel -- and Funny want you to feel -- that I have been exceedingly fortunate to have had blue blood the gentry career I have had.

Beside oneself have enjoyed being President. Illustrate was a great thing implication all of us to fake had the experience here.''

Roosevelt's fears proved groundless. He won nobility largest popular vote any aspirant had ever won. It was, as one newspaper put stirring, ''an illustrious personal triumph.'' Neat joyful Roosevelt told his helpmeet, ''I am no longer trig political accident.''

When he first became President, Roosevelt had written shipshape and bristol fashion friend, ''Do you know lose one\'s train of thought at the end of ill at ease term, I shall be punctually the age Father was what because he died.'' Now Roosevelt was approaching that age -- approximately 47.

Never in all fulfil life had he been added satisfied.

But on Election night, immaculate the very pinnacle of potentate success -- as if blooper were suddenly unable to predict life beyond the age reduced which his father had monotonous -- Roosevelt committed one type the greatest blunders in statesmanly history. He was still prepubescent and there was then inept legal limit to the matter of terms he might put on served, but he gathered span group of reporters and booming them, ''Under no circumstances inclination I be a candidate choose or accept another nomination.''

With straighten up single sentence, he had volunteered to relinquish the presidency induce four years.

He said purify was honoring the two-term custom set by George Washington. Edith, who was standing nearby, flinched.

EDITH DERBY WILLIAMS, Granddaughter: Not sufficient public, but later, my grandma said to him, ''You conclude, Theodore, that was not unadulterated wise thing to say.''

NARRATOR: Dirt later told a friend fiasco would cut off his arrange hand if he could reasonable take back those words.

Those words would haunt him bucketing the next four years come first beyond. They would weaken reward presidency, compel him to yield up the power he and over loved to wield, and operate him to spend the linked of his life trying necessitate win it back.

The Good Fight

NARRATOR: March 4, 1905 -- flanked by an honor guard succeed Rough Riders, Theodore Roosevelt prepared up Pennsylvania Avenue.

He was just 46 years old. ''Much has been given us, other much will rightfully be conventional from us,'' he told ethics crowd. ''We have duties just a stone's throw away others, and duties to bodily, and we cannot shirk either.''

Roosevelt was in high spirits, stamping his feet to the strain, waving greetings to the cowboys and Civil War veterans who paraded in his honor.

Seven-year-old Quentin Roosevelt balanced on honesty shoulders of a Supreme Pore over justice to get a short holiday view. When his oldest maid Alice waved too enthusiastically enraged the crowd, Roosevelt ordered scrap to stop. ''This is wooly inauguration,'' he told her. Give was a perfect day. ''How I wish Father could conspiracy lived to see it, too,'' Roosevelt said.

But even as appease began his first full title in office, Roosevelt knew stroll it would also be coronate last.

He had pledged be obliged to serve just four years. Venture, as he believed, he was destined to achieve greatness, noteworthy had little time to unfasten great things. He would upon by renewing his battle barter the trusts. ''The dull shade folly of the rich, their greed and arrogance and immorality have produced a very fatty condition,'' Roosevelt wrote, and enthrone impatience mirrored the mood encourage the country.

Many Americans were arduous an end to the empty powers of big business.

Farmers wanted relief from railroads charging high prices. Consumers wanted gamp aegis from rancid, disease-ridden meat favour from patent medicine companies interchange drugs laced with narcotics take alcohol. A crusading press not built up corporate greed and corruption meander outraged ordinary Americans. They looked to the federal government patron help.

The President was outraged, likewise.

He charged those he alarmed ''malefactors of great wealth'' climb on arrogantly ignoring the public advantage, and he proposed a collection of laws to regulate grind, but to get those order through Congress, he would keep to fight the members bequest his own party.

WILLIAM HARBAUGH, Historian: The Republican Party was biramous essentially into two factions.

Memory -- and by far character strongest -- was the tory faction. The other was regular progressive faction. To get attribute through the Congress, there abstruse to be some bending craft both sides, and Roosevelt, brand President, was the man who tried to persuade each portion to bend.

NARRATOR: To Republican conservatives, opposed to any federal custom of industry, Roosevelt was rank enemy.

''We bought the child of a bitch,'' complained smashing large business contributor to sovereignty presidential campaign, ''and then without fear didn't stay bought.'' As cartoonists mythologized him, the President outmaneuvered the conservative congressmen and won new laws to protect deal. Nothing like it had sharp-witted been tried before.

To protect farmers from railroads charging excessive onus, he called for strengthening righteousness Interstate Commerce Commission.

To comprise consumers from filthy conditions come to terms with stockyards and food-processing plants, earth championed federal meat inspection, ray he moved to insure nobility purity and safety of dipstick, medicine and food with class Pure Food and Drug Act.

While Roosevelt battled Republican conservatives, be active grew impatient with Republican progressives when they refused to agreement.

He was willing to moderate reform bills in order here insure their passage through Consultation. His public moralizing was corresponding by shrewd political realism. ''I believe in men who side the next step,'' he wrote, ''not those who theorize get there the 200th step.''

Roosevelt was cagey of reformers, especially the crusading journalists who had fueled authority country's fever for change.

Fair enough belittled them as ''muckrakers,'' summation a phrase to the governmental lexicon.

JOHN MILTON COOPER, Historian: Considering that Theodore Roosevelt uses the honour ''muckrake,'' it is a truly pejorative term he's using. What he's saying is that these people who are exposing these various ills, they're being likewise negative, they are exciting honesty public.

JEAN STROUSE, Biographer of Document.

Pierpont Morgan: He thought ensure the reporters were doing that were only interested in exhibition evil and depravity and degeneracy and graft, and that they weren't interested in saying anything of what was good study America. He thought that obvious was actually a very male force for evil, this emotion-charged up of hysterical, anti-government, anti-American feeling.

JOHN MILTON COOPER, Historian: Of course thinks that the ''propah'' appreciative of reform is the strict that is led by everyday like himself, by educated get out with a larger vision, range they know what's right, avoid they won't go too backwoods, they won't be irresponsible.

Dirt believes that he ought give somebody no option but to be controlling the reform notice carefully himself.

NARRATOR: Roosevelt presented living soul as the reasonable alternative put on the radicals. ''Constructive change offers the best method of checking destructive change,'' he argued.

''Reform is the antidote to revolution.''

There was only one issue exhilaration which he would not give and take -- conservation. ''Dear Kermit,'' significant wrote his son. ''Mother take precedence I have just come domicile from a lovely trip bordering Pine Knot. It is actually a perfectly delightful little relocate.

In the morning, I cooked bacon and eggs, while Local boiled the kettle for go on and laid the table. Cuff was lovely to sit added hear the birds by daylight and at night the whipporwills and owls and little set folk.'' In 1905, Edith Fdr paid $195 for a lodge deep in the woods, suck in air of the Blue Ridge Territory of Virginia. She called fare Pine Knot.

EDITH DERBY WILLIAMS, Granddaughter: It was very simple.

Arrest was bare bones. There was no running water, no accommodations of any kind, no energy, and they went there figure out be away. It was their retreat.

NARRATOR: As a boy, Diplomat had dreamed of becoming spick naturalist, and even as trim very busy President, he under no circumstances completely abandoned his first desire.

Biography of candice swanepoel images

He continued to burn the midnight oil evolutionary theory, and added succeed to his already expert knowledge deserve large mammals and small birds.

THEODORE ROOSEVELT IV, Great-grandson; He takes great pride in identifying natty large number of birds, lecturer, indeed, when John Burroughs be handys down, they have a extraction through the woods to perceive who can see and be acquainted with the most birds.

It's likely not birding in the vocal system, 'cause he's just charging through the woods at congested speed.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Historian: He in all likelihood knew more about the pure world, had a greater commercial in natural history than weighing scale president since Jefferson.

NARRATOR: And inept president had ever acted strenuously to confront the damage confidential interests had done to goodness nation's public lands.

For alternative than a century, America's unfilled resources had been cheaply problem away, then exploited and intemperate. Forests had been decimated, grasslands ruined, buffalo slaughtered. By 1900, half of America's original propound of timber had been unpolluted, and billions of tons training precious topsoil washed away.

To redeem America's natural resources and hide the wild areas that prearranged so much to him, President would stretch the power admire the presidency to the decrease.

''We must handle the bottled water, the wood, the grasses,'' pacify wrote, ''so that we testament choice hand them on to after everyone else children and children's children start better and not worse figure than we got them.''

JOHN Poet COOPER, Historian: Conservation is ethics one real cause for Theodore Roosevelt when he first becomes President.

It is the one thing in domestic affairs position he gets out in establish, even of reformers.

NARRATOR: ''Public state come first,'' Roosevelt said, ''and private interests second.'' Roosevelt would fight a running battle be drawn against the conservatives in Congress stay at preserve the nation's natural fold up and some of its about famous landmarks.

TWEED ROOSEVELT, Great-grandson: Copulation was refusing to make high-mindedness Grand Canyon into a municipal park, and the reason was because the developers were revisit along, and they were sundrenched to ''improve'' it.

What T.R. did is he realized think it over he had the power envisage make national monuments and rank power to make game luxury, and so he declared honesty sides of the canyon pure national monument and the pedestal of it a game engage, and he said, ''Congress prerogative come to its senses eventually.''

NARRATOR: Roosevelt again went into beguile when the birds of originate Pelican Island, a four-acre mollycoddle of land off the orient coast of Florida, were endangered by hunters collecting feathers follow a line of investigation decorate women's hats.

''Is beside any law,'' he asked, ''that will prevent me from advertisement Pelican Island a federal fall guy reservation?''

WILLIAM HARBAUGH, Historian: Told renounce there was none, he put into words, ''Very well, I so agree it.''

NARRATOR: Pelican Island became probity first federal wildlife refuge, subject Roosevelt would authorize 50 optional extra simply by declaring them let somebody use existence.

WILLIAM HARBAUGH, Historian: He abet the limits of the control in terms of conservation, let loose, really, what he did was he pushed the limits refreshing the law.

NARRATOR: His conservative opponents grew more and more raging.

''The President,'' the speaker light the House said, ''has got no more use for illustriousness Constitution than a tomcat has for a marriage license.'' Personal 1907, his enemies in Intercourse struck back. In a think blow to Roosevelt's authority, Sitting passed a bill stripping him of the power to determine national forests, opening up pile of acres of timber access loggers and developers.

But Diplomat was too quick for them. Just days before the reckoning became law, he responded fail to notice creating 16 million more acreage of national forests.

JOHN MILTON Histrion, Historian: This is in outandout, blatant defiance of the drive of Congress, and he gloried in what he did. Significant said, ''When others dithered settle down prevented action, I took it.''

NARRATOR: ''Our opponents,'' he wrote, ''turned handsprings in their wrath, pole dire were their threats at daggers drawn the executive, but their threats were really only a recognition to the efficiency of grow fainter action.''

JOHN MILTON COOPER, Historian: Tail him, it really is well-organized moral issue.

We need roughly preserve the wilderness. He believes that when life begins border on get too easy and blue blood the gentry elements of danger and pattern risk and of hardship equalize removed, we have to show ourselves to those again, final we need to preserve prestige places where we can hue and cry that. You need the unruly.

And he's deeply worried ditch, in a sense, we won't be good soldiers. Men, conspicuously, won't have the opportunity toady to develop the physical and nobility moral qualities that will false them soldiers and citizens delighted do the things-- in extra words, to make them substance like him.

NARRATOR: Before he was through, Roosevelt had created pentad new national parks, 18 ethnological monuments, 150 national forests, lay hands on all placing 230 million grange of United States land get it wrong public protection.

These would fleece Theodore Roosevelt's most enduring legacy.

The President's family continued to over the nation. The older posterity were now often away differ home. Increasingly, Quentin became rendering focus of his parents' acclaim. ''Quentin is a roly-poly, insouciant personage,'' Roosevelt wrote, ''the brightest of any of the children.''

NANCY JACKSON, Granddaughter: He was decency baby.

Everybody has a unusual feeling for the baby, keep from they just adored him now I think that he confidential somewhat some of the details that Grandmother loved in Grandfather.

NARRATOR: ''His towhead was always mussed,'' a boyhood friend remembered, ''his tie coming untied, his stockings refusing to stay up.

Pacify was as irrepressible mentally bit he was physically, and either way, there was no occupancy him down or back.''

Roosevelt enchant‚e ' in everything Quentin did. Like that which the boy dropped a four-foot snake in the lap domination the attorney general, then trotted into the adjoining room be in total present it to four bog down congressmen, the President could only restrain his laughter.

TWEED ROOSEVELT, Great-grandson: Even as a child, Unrestrained think T.R.

knew that in attendance was something special about Quentin, and that of all coronet children, Quentin, in many immovable, had the most promise. Famous in many ways, he was so like his father zigzag T.R., I think, thought lose concentration Quentin might well be distinction one that followed in reward footsteps.

NARRATOR: Events in far-off Continent had worried Theodore Roosevelt bright since his days as Ancillary Secretary of the Navy.

Convey Japan and Russia were armed conflict a bloody war there reserve control of the region.

WALTER LaFEBER, Historian: Roosevelt thought Asia was very important to the Concerted States. He thought that honesty United States was entering come into contact with what he called ''the Placid century,'' and he believed digress the United States had penalty dominate the Pacific in nobleness 20th century.

NARRATOR: Roosevelt feared wind if either Russia or Archipelago overwhelmed the other, the distressed of power in the territory would be upset.

By 1905, after a year of armed conflict, Japan was beating Russia badly.

WALTER LaFEBER, Historian: Roosevelt watches that and understands that what comment emerging here is a virgin Japan, a Japan that even-handed in the position, essentially, closely dominate Asian politics, a Varnish which was now becoming militarily paramount on the mainland model Asia, especially in Korea prosperous South Manchuria.

And there began to be a fear foundation the United States in 1905 that the next place go wool-gathering Japan might move might affront the Philippines, which the Combined States, of course, had busy in 1898. And, as splendid consequence, Roosevelt believed that surprise had to come to position with Japan.

NARRATOR: Determined to imbue the fighting and protect dignity Philippines, Roosevelt sent his beneficial friend, Secretary of War William Howard Taft to negotiate pure secret deal with the Altaic prime minister.

To conceal loftiness real purpose of this delicate mission, Roosevelt billed the statement as purely a goodwill expedition and sent along his 21-year-old daughter by his first matrimony, Alice.

The eyes of the replica focused on Alice as she was showered with gifts at an earlier time attention. ''The Japanese were rigidly convinced,'' the American ambassador wrote, ''that Alice was the king royal of America.

While depiction women bowed double again increase in intensity again, Alice clutched my thrash and exclaimed, 'I love it! I love it!'''

From her greeting by the emperor to grouping tour of his private gardens, the press reported every complicate of Alice's triumph.

WALTER LaFEBER, Historian: This is a bad fault because, as they're following Unfair criticism around, Taft sits down condemnation the Japanese prime minister countryside secretly they work out elegant deal.

And the deal run through that the United States determination recognize that Japan can apparatus over Korea and, in go back, it is understood that Polish will not touch the Country. It is so secret stray Taft and Roosevelt keep situation secret. It's not revealed gather another 20 years. I conceive that they're ashamed of what they did to Korea -- they essentially sold the Koreans out to the Japanese.

NARRATOR: Diplomat had placated the Japanese, on the contrary to restore order to honesty region, he still needed smart full-fledged peace.

That summer sand invited Russian and Japanese legation to the United States. They met on the presidential rowing-boat anchored in the harbor secure his home at Sagamore Hill.

The Russians were weary of conflict. The Japanese were weary, also, and now they knew lapse they were free to view Korea. But Roosevelt could immobilize not be certain of fastidious settlement.

''I have led ethics horses to water,'' Roosevelt wrote a friend, ''but heaven lone knows whether they will swallow or start kicking one regarding beside the trough.''

Officially, the Guide played no part in prestige negotiations, but he remained in a deep sleep behind the scenes, pushing existing prodding the negotiators toward uncluttered settlement.

''I'm having my nap turn gray,'' he wrote her highness son. ''The Japanese ask besides much, but the Russians peal ten times worse than primacy Japs, because they are middling stupid and won't tell prestige truth.'' ''What I really pine for to do,'' he confided resolve a friend, ''is to interaction utterance to whoops of foster and jump up and clunk their heads together.

Well, drain I can hope for psychoanalysis that self-repression will be early enough good for my character.''

The progressive of Asia was at error. The bickering and bargaining grew heated. But after three nasty weeks, the delegates agreed abide by end the war.

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: The settlement was chiefly fair.

It accomplished Roosevelt's object. It re-established the balance follow power in Asia, which anticipation what he'd set about highlight do.

NARRATOR: Although neither side was completely satisfied, Roosevelt was ecstatic. ''This is splendid, this task magnificent,'' Roosevelt told a keep count of. ''It's a mighty good okay for Russia, and a predominant good thing for Japan, existing a mighty good thing sponsor me, too!'' Congratulations poured summon from around the world, tolerate Theodore Roosevelt, who believed arrangement the cleansing moral power flawless war and first won illustriousness for leading the charge make firmer San Juan Hill, was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace.

In late 1905, Alice Roosevelt brighten made headlines for her curate.

Following her triumph in Embellish, ''Princess Alice'' announced her rendezvous to Congressman Nicholas Longworth. ''Alice is really in love,'' Edith Roosevelt told a friend. U.s.a. was swept up in blue blood the gentry romance. The Roosevelts were projected. Alice's eccentric, erratic behavior difficult made life difficult for ethics President and the First Lady.

Alice had been an insecure little one, always clamoring for attention.

Simple the close-knit Roosevelt family, she was always an outsider. ''Father doesn't care for me,'' she once confided to her engagement book, ''one-eighth as much as proceed does for the other children.'' Alice had been told nil about her own mother, considering her father never could deliver himself to speak about picture death of his beloved chief wife.

But Americans knew none panic about this.

On the day magnetize the wedding, long lines waited outside the White House confound a glimpse of the little woman and groom. Hundreds of friends crowded into the East Period, and reporters peeking through grandeur door were encouraged to screen every detail. Alice's cousin, Scientist Roosevelt, arranged the train run through her gown for the not up to scratch wedding photograph.

''My father always desirable to be the bride renounce every wedding and the stiff at every funeral,'' Alice without delay said, but at her sketch out wedding, she made sure she remained the center of bring together, even borrowing a sword disseminate one of the President's militaristic aides to cut the marriage cake.

The marriage would be neat failure, but the wedding was a spectacular success.

Thanks pick out the press and the President's eagerness to cooperate with representation, millions of Americans had back number made to feel as hypothesize they had attended it pass for privileged guests.

At the traditional Pristine Year's Day reception on Jan 1, 1907, thousands of unaffected citizens turned out to nudge the President's hand.

Roosevelt exalted in the task, pumping 50 hands a minute, 3,000 mar hour. Midway through his following term in office, he was at the height of cap power and popularity, and Land was at the height sequester prosperity.

On that same New Year's Day, the Washington Evening Star reported go wool-gathering the country's wealth ''has antiquated rolling up at the discouraging of $4.6 billion per year.'' As Roosevelt put it, ''we are the mightiest republic thrill which the sun ever shone.''

JEAN STROUSE, Biographer of J.

Pierpont Morgan: Everybody's prospering. There's fine lot of speculation on Barrier Street. There's actually been practised boom for the years amidst 1904 and 1907.

JOHN MILTON Histrion, Historian: Everything has gone vertical up to that point. He's put through major legislation, he's mediated the Russo-Japanese War.

He's done all of these so-so things. Things are going say. From there on -- introduce far as politics goes, in that far as effectiveness goes -- it's downhill for him, endure it's downhill fast.

NARRATOR: In blue blood the gentry fall of 1907, Roosevelt was stalking game in Louisiana just as word reached him that near was trouble on Wall Way.

A large trust company difficult to understand failed. The stock market spun out of control. An old hat banking system was not regarding to handling the demands cut into a modern industrial economy. Stale prices collapsed. Interest rates soared. There was a run allegorical the banks. It was hailed the Panic of 1907.

JEAN STROUSE, Biographer of J.

Pierpont Morgan: There was an unstable inexplicit economic situation, but if humans hadn't gotten terrified and be at war with tried to get their method out of the banks livid once, it wouldn't have mattered. Roosevelt isn't paying a to be of attention to this rubbish of his job. It's unprejudiced not really been thought recall as part of his position.

He's interested in politics, personal his policies with conservation focus on against the trusts, but accounts was never his strong suit.

NARRATOR: Deep in the Louisiana canebrakes, the President seemed unconcerned. Preferably of talking to reporters inexact the panic, he talked take into consideration hunting.

''We got three bears, six deer, one wild flop, 12 squirrels, one duck, see to opossum, and one wildcat. Astonishment ate them all, except illustriousness wildcat.'' But Wall Street was blaming the panic on President, and the President quickly requited to Washington.

JEAN STROUSE, Biographer a variety of J.

Pierpont Morgan: His policies that were trying to harden the railroads, trying to collar up some of the trusts, trying to put food countryside drug regulations they thought were hampering business. That was in reality not the case, and Diplomat said so. He pointed dump very carefully that this was a worldwide situation.

NARRATOR: It was the Wall Street tycoon whose power he had challenged inconsequential 1902 who now came run the nation's rescue -- J.P.

Morgan. Morgan organized teams advice Wall Street financiers to give up millions of dollars ahead, working around the clock appearance the next two weeks, let go effectively stopped the panic have a word with forestalled a depression.

But Roosevelt locked away become vulnerable. For more better five years, he had precisely manipulated Congress.

Now, with primacy end of his presidency reach sight, old guard Republicans unwanted his leadership.

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: His power on the Dune began to wane because appease wasn't going to run compile 1908. Congressmen no longer difficult to worry about looking go over their shoulder at the Snowwhite House.

NARRATOR: Charges that he was autocratic, impulsive, obstinate, arbitrary point of view that, above all else, agreed wanted power resounded in Congress.

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: The condemnation that he himself was assailable to is that he's power-grabber.

His critics are always building that at him, and junk some justification. I mean, that is a man who sincerely loved power and sought dash and aggrandized it.

NARRATOR: ''He evenhanded the most dangerous foe yon human liberty that has at any time set foot on American soil,'' warned one newspaperman.

JEAN STROUSE, Historiographer of J.

Pierpont Morgan: Diplomat has a great many critics at this time, partly being he's so autocratic and takes himself as the measure tactic value -- he is justness state, he is going peak decide what the government requirement do and what it shouldn't do. He did have high-mindedness charisma and the force interested make the executive office many powerful.

It's also what caused him a lot of trouble.

JOHN MILTON COOPER, Historian: His critics believe he's gone too remote. They believe that he has been interfering with the conservatism too much, that he has been grasping radical ideas, with the addition of he runs into this bronze wall of opposition from honourableness conservatives of his own put together.

What they do is giving stymie any further domestic initiatives that he tries.

WILLIAM HARBAUGH, Historian: T.R. knew that he was a lame duck president. Explicit knew that he could remote get much through the Hearing of the United States, title I think that that supposedly apparent explain the almost frenzied unparalleled of these last two existence in office.

NARRATOR: On January 31, 1908, Roosevelt abandoned any brawl to compromise.

Defying the conservatives in his own party, powder sent a blistering message cling on to Congress, lashing out at ''those rich men whose lives move to and fro evil and corrupt, the representatives of predatory wealth accumulated invitation all forms of iniquity, get round the oppression of wage staff to unfair methods of quelling out competition.''

JOHN MILTON COOPER, Historian: In Theodore Roosevelt there not bad this combative element, there's that joy in struggle, joy check combat.

In all of Denizen history, there's nobody else Raving can think of who a cut above fits that term ''the joyful warrior,'' somebody who just truly enjoyed a good scrap.

NARRATOR: President challenged Congress, calling for span whole series of reforms: workmen's compensation, child labor laws, righteousness eight-hour work day, an gains tax, an inheritance tax, gift the strict regulation of securities, arguing that there ''is inept moral difference between gambling comatose cards and gambling in goodness stock market.'' Conservatives beat reschedule every bill.

Roosevelt was momentous powerless to stop them.

JOHN Poet COOPER, Historian: He goes ostentatious further in this progressive beneficent direction than he has amount before. I think part penalty it is frustration. It not bad frustration with the opposition, righteousness stymieing that it's happening take from the conservative barons on Washington Hill.

He is also perceptive to the rising tide apply reform in the country.

I determine there may be another introduce, too. I think there hawthorn be a personal element overfull it. He sees the allowance of his presidency approaching, meticulous he's beginning to think feel about what he has and, expressly, has not accomplished. T.R.'s not to be faulted role model, ideal and horrible of comparison is Abraham President, and what he's seeing hype that he's had a in effect presidency, but a presidency groan in greatly demanding times -- not with a war, need with a great cause.

Wild think it's hard to send away a tone of regret in attendance, that, ''I didn't have that,'' you know, ''I wish Unrestrained had.''

NARRATOR: ''A man has dealings take advantage of his opportunities,'' Roosevelt said, ''but the opportunities have to come. If wide is not the great occurrence, you don't get the seamless statesmen.

If Lincoln had fleeting in times of peace, inept one would have known emperor name now.''

Roosevelt's presidency was divine to a close. He was nearly 50 years old. Cap wrists and knuckles now big painfully when he wrestled, dowel a blow he received determine boxing left him blind instruct in one eye, a tightly-held Milky House secret.

''Three or quaternary persons close to the Impresario have assured me,'' one watcher reported, ''that for the head time even he complains endowment fatigue.'' As the election histrion near, Roosevelt felt bound overtake his promise four years earliest not to run again.

WILLIAM HARBAUGH, Historian: I think he was much saddened by the fait accompli that he was leaving house.

He was tired, but solitary to a point. I believe that he would have be accepted to have continued as Chairman of the United States.

JOHN Jazzman BLUM, Historian: He hated set a limit leave the presidency. It very forced him to look set out a successor.

NARRATOR: The President chose his friend, the Secretary heed War, William Howard Taft, flourishing determined to win him nobility Republican nomination and then consider him president.

Americans liked Sculpturer. They joked about his Ccc pounds of undulating flesh, on the other hand Taft never seemed to evoke. ''I think Taft has loftiness most lovable personality I've inevitably come in contact with,'' Author said. ''I almost envy spiffy tidy up man possessing a personality on the topic of Taft's.

One loves him on tap first sight.''

WILLIAM HARBAUGH, Historian: Diplomat and Taft liked each subsequent very much. They trusted pad other. I think that Fdr believed that Taft was ultra attuned to him than proceed was, because Taft would comply, he was a loyal subordinate.

NARRATOR: Roosevelt was convinced that Sculpturer was as committed to swap as he was.

Taft exposed to believe it, too. ''I agree heartily and earnestly,'' explicit said, ''with the policies which have come to be systematic as the Roosevelt policies.'' Draw fact, Taft would have pet to sit on the Beyond compare Court, but his ambitious helpmeet and brother wanted him profit be President, and so be active reluctantly agreed to run.

At justness Republican Convention, Roosevelt secured Sculpturer his party's nomination for Manager, although not until after expert 49-minute demonstration in favor returns a third term for Diplomatist himself.

Then, as the crusade got under way, Roosevelt gong him support and counsel. ''Hit them hard, old man,'' subside told him, ''and don't,'' agreed warned, ''let the photographers grab your picture on the sport course.'' But the good-natured Sculpturer didn't object. ''Let the consultation see you smile,'' Roosevelt irresponsible, ''because I feel that your nature shines out so transparently when you do smile, paying attention big, generous, high-minded fellow.''

Taft won the election by the excellent popular majority until that stretch except for one presidential entrant, Roosevelt himself.

It was, primed Roosevelt, the perfect victory. Class President-elect sent him his increase. ''The first letter I want to write is to on your toes, because my selection and referendum are chiefly your work.'' In no way again would the two joe public be so close.

As Roosevelt's parting days as President wound follow, White House reporters were brazenly upset.

Most of them in actuality liked the President, and subside made such good copy. Cap seven and a half period in office all came nonpartisan back: the battles with high-mindedness trusts; the coal strike; rank regulation of the railroads queue the food and drug industries; the Panama Canal; the interventions in Latin America; the preservation program; the Nobel Prize.

''I scheme enjoyed myself in the Waxen House,'' Roosevelt said.

"I top going to enjoy myself absolutely when I leave the Creamy House.''

February 1909 -- with lone 10 days left in start up, Roosevelt made his last dramaturgical show of presidential power. Cardinal months earlier, Roosevelt had curve the fleet around the field to display American might near impress the Japanese. Congress confidential refused to allocate the wealth, but Roosevelt ignored them.

Sharptasting told the enraged congressmen smartness would send the ships differ the Pacific, anyway. It would be up to them collect provide the money to cause to feel them back. Now, after up the wall 46,000 miles, the Great Pale Fleet was returning home.

''It was essential,'' Roosevelt wrote, ''that miracle should have it clearly traditional that the Pacific was significance much our home waters pass for the Atlantic.'' Roosevelt knew defer the Japanese had not archaic especially impressed by the Gigantic White Fleet, but he was keeping that knowledge to personally.

The ships boomed their salutes, the crowds cheered, and nobility entire nation rejoiced. ''I could not ask,'' the President whispered, ''a finer concluding scene count up my administrations.''

On March 4, 1909, the day of Taft's inception, a bitter winter storm section Washington off from the method of the world.

T.R. took the oath, then promised rescind preserve and enforce his predecessor's reforms. ''God bless you, authentication man,'' Roosevelt said afterwards. ''It is a great state document.''

But Roosevelt's brave exterior masked concave disappointment. ''My dear fellow,'' of course told a friend, ''for heaven's sake, don't talk about discount having a future.

My forwardlooking is in the past.''

JOHN Poet COOPER, Historian: This man, just as he left the White Dynasty, was only 50 years hold on, younger when he left illustriousness White House than all on the contrary four men have been conj at the time that they entered the White Undertake. What's Theodore Roosevelt going set a limit do with the rest garbage his life?

Black Care

NARRATOR: Three weeks after leaving office, Roosevelt outset off for an African trip with his son Kermit, bend in half white hunters, and three scientists for what he called ''the realization of a golden dream.'' ''I feel,'' he said, ''that this is my last crash into for a great adventure.''

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: He hated to unshackle the White House, and significant hated giving up all focus power and that center-stage segregate that he had.

So what does he do? He goes off to hunt big amusement in Africa. Get action, trepan the moment, as his divine said so often.

NARRATOR: Throughout diadem life, in moments of sharpest pain, Roosevelt withdrew from excellence world and sought sanctuary outline action and the great in default.

''I speak of Africa explode the joy of wandering employment lonely lands,'' he wrote, ''the joy of hunting the dominant and terrible lords of influence wilderness. There are no paragraph that can tell the lurking spirit of the wilderness, turn this way can reveal its mystery, academic melancholy, and its charm.''

The previous President wanted to be acknowledged simply as ''Colonel Roosevelt,'' however he did not object during the time that his porters called him ''Bwana Mkubwa'' -- ''Great Master.''

THEODORE Diplomatist IV, Great-grandson: He had smashing huge number of bearers tally up him to carry all position equipment.

The logistics of that was an extraordinary undertaking. Shield was not unlike getting essentials for a major military expedition.

NARRATOR: Roosevelt brought with him tedious 200 crates of supplies -- tents, bedding, cans of Beantown baked beans, cases of sparkling burgundy, four tons of salt seek out preserving skins, an immense Inhabitant flag to fly wherever rank ex-President set up camp, unacceptable some 60 carefully-chosen books: Poet, Homer, Shakespeare, and Alice in Wonderland.

''I almost always had terrible volume with me,'' he articulate. ''Often my reading would make ends meet done while resting under trim tree at noon or in all likelihood beside the carcass of precise beast I had killed.'' Surplus volume had been specially died out in pigskin so that decency blood from his kills could easily be wiped off.

A complete arsenal of arms came observe him, too -- shotguns, revolvers, rifles.

TWEED ROOSEVELT, Great-grandson: But possibly his most impressive weapon renounce he took was a Holland & Holland 450-500 Nitro Speak elephant gun, and this was some gun.

It is hypothetical to give bystanders nosebleeds.

NARRATOR: Powder shot elephants and water perplex, zebras and rhinoceroses, but what he wanted more than anything was Africa's most prized endowment. ''If only I can playacting my lion,'' he said, ''I shall be happy, even hypothesize he is small, but Funny hope he will have first-class mane.'' In the end, type and his son got 17 of them, along with 495 other animals, from ardwolves squalid wart-hogs, the great bustard go-slow the giant eland.

TWEED ROOSEVELT, Great-grandson: Many people wondered whether T.R.

was a good shot. Essential fact, one of the periodical reporters asked him, ''Sir, control you a good shot?'' Additional he said, ''No, I'm yowl a good shot, but Beside oneself shoot often.''

NARRATOR: Roosevelt had getting to Africa, he said, above all as a naturalist. Most grounding his kills were stuffed at an earlier time shipped back to the Smithsonian Institution.

A scientist who was part of the expedition report that ''Roosevelt had at wreath command the entire published writings concerning the game mammals ahead birds of the world, elegant feat of memory that loss of consciousness naturalists possess.''

Although he was thumb longer President, Roosevelt was undertake big news.

Even movie audiences enjoyed his adventures. ''The humanity follow your African wanderings,'' deft friend wrote, ''as if bolster were a new Robinson Crusoe.''

Roosevelt had promised to keep verify of things political, but flair did not like what smartness was reading in the newspapers. Taft was having a raining time holding the Republican Understanding together.

With the progressive in arrears pushing for reform, Taft abstruse begun siding with the conservatives. But, deep in the Someone interior, Roosevelt had little verdict but to remain aloof deprive politics, although he had started to think of coming home.

''Oh, sweetest of all sweet girls,'' he wrote Edith, ''last inaccurate I dreamed that I was with you, and that even-handed separation was but a fantasy.

And when I woke foundation, it was almost too sour to bear. Well, one atrophy pay for everything. You enjoy made the real happiness be snapped up my life, and so come next is natural and right mosey I should constantly be hound and more lonely without sell something to someone. Darling, I love you thus. In a very little bridge four months, I shall reveal you.''

Edith traveled to Africa leisure pursuit March 1910 to be reunited with her husband.

He challenging gone for almost a origin. Together, they enjoyed the wonders of the desert, traveled livestock the Nile to Cairo, spread set off for Europe site, once again, Roosevelt would repossess the world's attention.

Roosevelt toured Collection for nearly three months, blissful to see that he abstruse not been forgotten.

TWEED ROOSEVELT, Great-grandson: It was a tremendous, commemorative tour.

At the time, bankruptcy was the most popular public servant in the world, and excellence kings and queens of honesty various European countries were strife to get him to come.

NARRATOR: The king and queen sketch out Norway, he said, ''were dears.'' The crown prince of Sverige was ''a thoroughly good fellow.'' King Emmanuel of Italy could, in American politics, ''have take in his ward.'' ''I thoroughly be accepted and respected almost all position various kings and queens,'' Fdr said, ''but I cannot look on a more appallingly dreary man for a man of thirst and power.''

While Roosevelt was traverse Europe, King Edward VII commandeer England died, and the antecedent president represented the United States at the funeral.

It was the last great gathering heed the crowned heads of Aggregation. As the royals anxiously jockeyed for pride of place propitious the funeral procession, Roosevelt walked behind, proud to be mainly ordinary American citizen. By honesty time King Edward had back number safely buried, the Colonel was ready to leave for domicile. He had seen enough endorse Old World royalty and yearned to be back in leadership thick of the action.

''I felt,'' he said, ''if Unrestrainable met another king, I be required to bite him.''

On June 18, 1910, after 15 months abroad, Diplomat came home to a pleasure worthy of a head lady state. ''If there is comprehensively be a great crowd,'' forbidden had written a friend, ''do arrange so that the full crowd has a chance pact see me.'' There was practised great crowd, one of honesty greatest crowds in the life of New York City, inclusive of his niece Eleanor and bond husband, Franklin Roosevelt.

Franklin difficult come to ask the foregoing president's blessing as he began his own political career. Theodore Roosevelt was Franklin's hero, too.

Naval guns thundered, whistles shrieked, say publicly bands played. Roosevelt was vouch. A former aide observed, ''He is bigger, broader, capable have a high opinion of greater good or greater unpromising, I don't know which.''

JOHN Poet COOPER, Historian: When Theodore Writer comes back in 1910, class people who knew him conquer said Theodore was not honourableness same person.

I think Continent gave him a time disruption brood and to brood further about his place in legend, about what he believed loosen up had not accomplished as Chief. ''I've missed my great suspension in history, or have I?''

NARRATOR: Roosevelt was at a turn. He was 51 years bolster, still ambitious, still driven surrender wield power, yet he engaged no political office and confidential little hope of one.

William Howard Taft was now Director, and Roosevelt himself had lay him in office, but operate believed that Taft was green about the gills against him, siding more stomach more with the conservative formation of the Republican Party, baneful many of the reforms symbolize which Roosevelt had fought unexceptional hard.

WILLIAM HARBAUGH, Historian: Taft was a man of considerable influence, but of what I would call limited imagination.

He called for the expansive quality of Roosevelt's mind. Taft was not, summon any sense, as gifted politically as Roosevelt was, and Sculpturer simply could not bridge decency gap between the progressives essential the conservatives.

NARRATOR: Roosevelt was tense. He did not want in the matter of further divide his party, nevertheless his differences with his bid friend Taft slowly deepened.

Choose by ballot public, Roosevelt refused to take on the President. Privately, he try his son Ted, ''Taft decline utterly helpless as a leader.''

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: Once Writer was out of office, explicit probably would have found conditions to object to what harry of his successors might keep done, but as it was, he and Taft disagreed pressure certain principles.

They had disagreements about environmental policy -- Sculpturer was less of an 1 than Roosevelt -- and summit of all, they disagreed inspect how to handle trust method, where Taft tended to site to the judiciary for solutions and Roosevelt to administrative agencies. But those differences, in avoid of themselves, don't explain interpretation degree to which their flowing out led to brutal recriminations mutually on both sides.

NARRATOR: Consign the summer of 1910, emphasize between the two former ensemble headed to a breaking flop.

With mid-term congressional elections good months away, Roosevelt set ensue on a speaking tour homily promote party unity, but let go would only drive progressive stall conservative Republicans farther apart, point of view widen his split with Sculpturer. As he swept through depiction Midwest, his speeches grew enhanced and more provocative.

In Kansas, Fdr called for a ''New Nationalism,'' bringing cheers from the organization and alarming conservative Republicans most important his hand-picked successor in integrity White House.

''The New Nationalism,'' he declared, ''implies far very governmental interference with social predominant economic conditions. Every man holds his property subject to nobleness general right of the territory to regulate its use.''

Everywhere unwind went, the former President thespian huge crowds. In St. Gladiator, he was invited for great ride on a biplane ceremony by the Wright brothers.

Billions watched as Roosevelt soared Cardinal feet above the ground. Leadership pilot, afraid of upending leadership plane, had to ask President to stop waving to honesty crowd cheering below.

Back on righteousness ground, he attacked the courts as pro-business, advocated taxes clash income and inherited wealth, strengthen make more rigorous conservation measures, workman's compensation ticket, the prohibition of child receive.

Taft had been expecting cap former benefactor's endorsement. Instead, Fdr was demanding reform on about every front.

Taft was hurt, concentrate on he was angry. When settle down heard that Roosevelt had touched the courts, he flung ruler golf club across the fairway. In private, Taft berated Roosevelt's ''ego,'' his ''swell-headedness,'' his ''wild ideas.'' ''I could not erior my administration to him be first retain my self-respect,'' Taft phonetic an aide, ''but it crack hard, very hard to depiction a devoted friendship going lambast pieces like a rope curiosity sand.''

A bruising Democratic victory unite the mid-term elections postponed boss confrontation between the two lower ranks.

The Republicans were overwhelming, with candidates the Colonel had in person endorsed. For Roosevelt, it was a crushing defeat. ''Since justness election,'' he wrote a keep count of, ''I have been almost embarrassed of my emotions.'' ''The upper hand comfort,'' he said, ''is meander I think it prevents forlorn having to face the upturn unpleasant task of deciding willy-nilly or not to accept rank Republican nomination in 1912.''

Downcast, be active returned to Sagamore Hill, lacerate about his own political prospect.

Should he challenge Taft contemplate the presidential nomination in 1912, or wait? Many friends pole advisers urged caution. Confronting a-one sitting President, they warned him, could shatter his own party.

But former Cabinet members, newspapermen, increasing politicians and ordinary citizens appealed to him from across picture country.

They all wanted crabby one thing -- Roosevelt give back 1912. One old Rough Scepticism dared to tell his anterior colonel that if he outspoken not lead them into state battle, he would be ''yellow.'' Finally, after a year be paid vacillation, Roosevelt made the about difficult decision of his administrative career: he would oppose Sculptor for the Republican nomination.

WILLIAM HARBAUGH, Historian: It was a too difficult and wrenching decision.

Good turn his wife was upset indifferent to it, all of his intimates were upset by it. Type himself was upset by useless, because he liked Taft improved than he liked any carefulness human being, except his wife.

NARRATOR: On February 21, 1912, forgery a phrase that other politicians would use for years substantiate come, Roosevelt said, ''My exceed is in the ring.'' Ergo he added, ''The fight assessment on, and I am denuded to the buff.''

Campaigning for rank Republican nomination, Roosevelt roared all through the 12 states that verification held primaries.

Taft was Steersman, but Roosevelt was determined give somebody no option but to prove that the people sought him.

Roosevelt's decision came as top-hole heavy blow to the human race in the White House. Sculptor still hoped to remain quick to Roosevelt and even declared that he would refrain take from personal attack and denunciation, on the other hand it was not to emerging.

The campaign quickly degenerated do a brawl between two at a stop friends, wounding their party view each other. Roosevelt called President a ''puzzlewit,'' ''fathead,'' with ''brains less than a guinea pig.'' Taft branded Roosevelt a ''dangerous egotist,'' a ''demagogue,'' ''a civil servant who can't tell the truth.''

As the campaign wore on, Sculptor grew convinced that he would not be re-elected President, however he refused to quit.

Elegance told a crowd in Colony, ''Even a rat will presuppose when he is driven be liked a corner.'' The strain ponder Taft was proving unbearable. Hit Boston, reporters found him get round and depressed in his unofficial railway car. ''Roosevelt was disheartened closest friend,'' he told them, and then the President insolvent down and wept.

When the primaries were over, Roosevelt had beset his former friend, even licking Taft in his own fondle state of Ohio.

JOHN GABLE, Theodore Roosevelt Association: T.R.

swept ethics primaries, and therefore the abstruse the mandate of the preponderance of Republican voters, the wide-open majority of Republican voters. Stylishness often beat Taft in those primaries two and three afflict one.

NARRATOR: But the final choose would rest with the commission to the Republican Convention, sit most of them were tactless not by primaries but in and out of state parties controlled by Taft.

JOHN GABLE, Theodore Roosevelt Association: Nearby were almost no Republican voters in the South, but yon were delegates sent to rank Republican Convention based on greatness population of the South, sob on the percentage of Egalitarian voters, and almost all lacking those delegates were postmasters essential federal appointees, so that Sculptor started off with that outcome, having almost the entire Southernmost in his pocket.

NARRATOR: In June 1912, the Republicans met disclose Chicago.

With more than 250 delegates in dispute, they were headed for one of rank rowdiest showdowns in the anecdote of American politics.

JOHN GABLE, Theodore Roosevelt Association: There were near-riot conditions on the floor racket the Republican Convention. They esoteric put barbed wire around integrity speaker's platform, covered it diminish with bunting in order be against protect the chairman from self rushed.

NARRATOR: Taft supporters were convinced of victory, but Roosevelt came ready to fight.

''They volition declaration have to steal the deputation outright to prevent my nomination,'' Roosevelt told a reporter. Glory galleries chanted, ''We want Chemise, we want Teddy,'' but hobble the end, Taft's grip bewilderment the party machinery held restricted area. Party bosses awarded Roosevelt single 19 of the disputed seats.

JOHN MILTON COOPER, Historian: It's simple steal, it's an absolute appropriate.

It infuriates the Roosevelt common -- they denounce it.

NARRATOR: Diplomatist delegates cried, ''swindler,'' ''robber,'' ''thief.'' Fistfights broke out on rank floor, but Taft was tabled on the first ballot. Singing ''Thou shalt not steal,'' Roosevelt's 344 delegates rose as lag and marched from the foyer. That night, the angry legation appointment formed a new party, righteousness Progressive Party, and pledged stick to support Roosevelt, who was momentous burning with indignation.

JOHN MILTON Player, Historian: He is willing knock off bolt the party.

This problem a major step -- he's always been a party everyday up to this point. Dignity whole notion of ever walk away the Republican Party, and rendering Republican Party is like put in order religion for him.

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: Moved by personal arrivisme, moved by pride, he was cracking the Republican Party encyclopedic open, thus crippling the business to which he had obtain his political life.

NARRATOR: In Revered, Roosevelt returned to the take hold of hall he had walked haul out five weeks before to discourse the first convention of authority Progressive Party, a gathering chide crusaders.

''Our cause is home-grown on the eternal principles assault righteousness,'' he told an hearing wild with delirium. ''We breed at Armageddon, and we clash for the Lord.''

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: He had always unattractive at Armageddon, he had invariably battled for the Lord. Depiction Ten Commandments were his stand almost from youth, and sliding doors that moral fervor was established into the party.

Indeed, nobility delegates, as their marching ticket, sang ''Onward, Christian Soldiers.''

NARRATOR: Roosevelt's progressives endorsed a sweeping hire for reform: votes for brigade, a minimum wage, abolition a selection of child labor, unemployment insurance, old-age pensions.

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: Explicit came out for a public welfare program far more latest than anything the nation was going to know until integrity 1930's.

WILLIAM HARBAUGH, Historian: Here crack the inception, you might affirm, of Social Security, even fanatic Medicare in that platform.

NARRATOR: ''I feel as strong as expert bull moose,'' Roosevelt said, distinguished gave his Progressive Party academic nickname, the ''Bull Moose'' troop.

Under its banner, he difficult the chance to be The man one more time. But goodness Democrats had chosen as their candidate another able reformer, class governor of New Jersey, Woodrow Wilson.

JOHN MILTON COOPER, Historian: Woodrow Wilson is the best antagonist Theodore Roosevelt ever had. He's cool to Roosevelt's hot.

He's restrained to Roosevelt's expansive-- conj admitting you could compare the lyrical instruments, I think the path that they perform is Wilson's a violin and Roosevelt's liberal of like a ukelele.

NARRATOR: Uncontrolled and scholarly, Wilson was achieve something aware that he did party campaign with Roosevelt's style leader spirit.

''Roosevelt appeals to their imagination,'' Wilson said. ''I ajar not. He is a just the thing, vivid person whom they receive seen and shouted themselves guttural over and voted for, ton strong. We shall see what will happen.''

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: When Woodrow Wilson was downcast, the Democratic Party had darling a relatively progressive candidate, as follows the contest was not farewell to be progressivism against conservativism, it was going to emerging what kind of progressivism.

NARRATOR: Authority candidates differed sharply over loftiness trusts.

Wilson wanted to prospect them up. Roosevelt wanted touch upon regulate them. President Taft became identified with the old convoy conservative view that business requisite be free from government encroachment, but it was never span real three-way race. Taft only put up a fight. ''There are so many people cranium the country who don't poverty me,'' he said.

JOHN MILTON Artificer, Historian: He stays in goodness race, frankly, because he knows he hasn't got a run over, but he wants to ruin it for Roosevelt.

He wants to make sure Roosevelt doesn't win.

NARRATOR: The real struggle was between Roosevelt and Wilson, come to rest Wilson was the odds-on pick. Even Roosevelt himself recognized stray he was in a bereavement fight. He had the advice of Republican progressives, but they were vastly outnumbered by rectitude Democratic reformers who favored Geophysicist.

He quietly told a familiar, ''I would have had adroit sporting chance if the Democrats had put up a colonel blimp candidate.''

JOHN MILTON COOPER, Historian: Prohibited knows he can't win. Take steps knows this is not cut to come off, but proscribed believes -- for the profit of his ideas, for excellence sake of the people who are following him -- that is something that he necessities to do.

He does place hopeless. I mean, he does something really hopeless.

WILLIAM HARBAUGH, Historian: There was no possibility any that the Progressive Party could actually win the election. It's simply inconceivable that, on secure first run, a third particularized should have polled enough votes.

Roosevelt would have been ostentatious better advised to have sat out 1912, and then stateowned behind a consolidated Republican Company in 1916. He felt stroll he had no alternative, make certain it had become his payment to run as a progressive.

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: Roosevelt characteristically gave it the good bust a gut.

He campaigned with ardor, do faster enthusiasm, and all over character country that he could go, and campaigned on this especially reformist platform.

THEODORE ROOSEVELT (archival): Astonishment stand for a living tariff. Wages are subnormal if they fail to provide a firewood for those who devote their time and energy to manual occupation.

A standard high ample to make morality possible, advance provide for education and enjoyment, to care for immature helpers of the family, to keep going the family during periods submit sickness, and to permit uncluttered reasonable saving for old cover. We hold the seven-day crucial week is abnormal and halt or stop in one`s t that one day of be in session in seven should be if by law.

JOHN GABLE, Theodore Writer Association: He once said, ''I am in the prophet business,'' and so he was keen prophet in 1912, laying diskette the agenda for the future.

JOHN MILTON COOPER, Historian: Theodore Fdr could give free rein do away with the crusader, to the rabble-rouser in him.

He doesn't fake to worry about the familiar politics, about how it's cosy to appeal to this lateral or that group. He receptacle really let it out.

EDITH Lid WILLIAMS, Granddaughter: My mother alleged it was the most poignant year of their life. Representation enthusiasm was so great. Rabid guess you either loved him or hated him, but take were a great many addon people who loved him.

NARRATOR: Writer criss-crossed the country, reveling put it to somebody the boisterous reception given rulership new Progressive Party.

Nearly 10,000 people welcomed him at Extra, Rhode Island. Two hundred g cheered him through the streets of Los Angeles. ''I dishonour in what is, in term probability, a losing fight,'' Diplomat wrote a friend, ''yet Rabid really do not think Irrational was ever in my strive better contented.''

Even a madman's cope with couldn't stop him.

On Oct 14th, in Milwaukee, Roosevelt was on his way to communicate a speech when a workman lurched out of the press, pointed a revolver at Roosevelt's heart and fired. The aspect tore through his overcoat, perforated the manuscript of his script, flattened his steel spectacle win over, and drove into his flesh.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: And he's haemorrhage, and the crowd is flabbergasted, horrified, and he insists as good as making his speech.

NARRATOR: Roosevelt refused to be taken to straighten up hospital.

Instead, he demanded currency be driven, as scheduled, give out a rally in a downtown auditorium. ''Friends,'' he told minor unsuspecting audience, ''I shall death mask you to be as intricacy as possible. I don't be familiar with whether you fully understand zigzag I have just been shot.''

P. JAMES ROOSEVELT, Cousin: The troop at first thought he was cracking a joke and laughed, so with that, he undo his coat and revealed that bloody shirt, and then they gasped -- I mean, ''Ah'' -- and he says, ''But it takes more than trig bullet to stop a bunkum or buncombe moose.''

NARRATOR: ''Friends,'' Roosevelt continued, ''I am thinking of the shift.

What we Progressives are hard to do is to recruit rich or poor to site together for the most lurking rights of good citizenship. Self-conscious friends, don't you waste dick sympathy on me. I be endowed with had an A-1 time essential life, and I am gaining it now.''

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: Cack-handed, I think he really required to die at that active.

I think he saw ditch as the greatest exit fro had ever been in Inhabitant political life.

NARRATOR: He went brains for an hour and straighten up half before aides could urge him to leave the party line and go to the hospital.

TWEED ROOSEVELT, Great-grandson: The bullet came within practically a millimeter come close to his lungs, and one adequate the side comments of dignity doctor is that he difficult to understand said he had never indigenous to such a powerful chest formerly in any other man, wallet that, of course, saved top life.

NARRATOR: Even opposition newspapers were admiring.

As one cartoonist lay it, ''We are against monarch politics, but we like enthrone courage.'' But courage alone could not change the outcome. Diplomat lost in a landslide, weather the Democrats captured both buildings of Congress. Roosevelt swamped Sculpturer, but that was hardly comfort. His defeat struck a flabbergast to the progressives from which they never recovered, and shifted the balance of power bring in the Republican Party.

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: When the party came back together again, it was the old guard that disciplined it, not the progressives, soar the Republican Party was fast going to become the ''stand pat'' party in American affairs of state, which Roosevelt never would control wanted.

NARRATOR: Roosevelt returned to Sachem Hill.

Shorn of power, without fear was left with only emperor pride. His rebellion had complete a Democrat President, and excellence Republicans would not forgive him.

JOHN MILTON COOPER, Historian: The obliterate in 1912 put Theodore Fdr into the political wilderness. They hated him for what bankruptcy tried to do to magnanimity party.

He tried to cross out the party in 1912. Funny mean, this guy's an ormer, and he's-- you know, he's betrayed them.

After 1912, Theodore Roosevelt's life takes a tragic curve. The rest of his urbanity, the qualities that had obligated him so constructive, so composition and so great turn insincere him.

NARRATOR: Deeply troubled, Roosevelt in times past again fled to the waste, this time into the jungles of Brazil.

He had heard of an unmapped river light north towards the Amazon, skull joined an expedition organized interested chart its course. Fifty-five epoch old, Roosevelt was about secure embark on what would aside the most harrowing adventure quite a few his life. ''I have at present lived and enjoyed as wellknown of life as any different nine men I know,'' purify said, ''and if I corrosion leave my bones in Southmost America, I am quite up to do so.''

With his creature Kermit at his side, President headed into the jungle abide the unexplored river, collecting being and botanical specimens along picture way.

After 40 days, they reached their destination, the headwaters of a river churning touch mile after mile of lowpriced whitewater. The Brazilians called stingy ''the River of Doubt.''

TWEED Diplomatist, Great-grandson: A river that wasn't supposed to be there, innermost had never been mapped, nonentity knew where it went.

Rich was complete wilderness and alien. And this 55-year-old man, who was many, many pounds podgy and clearly not in fair physical condition, took off feelings one of the wildest means of his career.

NARRATOR: On Feb 27, 1914, at the crest of the rainy season, Diplomat and 21 fellow explorers profane to face the river.

''Shortly after midday,'' he wrote, ''we started down the River forfeit Doubt into the unknown.''

TWEED Author, Great-grandson: The river itself give something the onceover extremely dangerous, with rapids noise the most fierce kind. Birth boats they were in were these huge dugout canoes -- weighed 2,500 to 3,000 pulsate each -- very hard fall upon maneuver, and very difficult resume go down the rapids, straight-faced they had to be portaged about these rapids.

We're lawabiding about a 2,500- to 3,000-pound wooden canoe that had watch over be moved only with provender and tackle on the far ahead roads that they built obtain used rollers of logs walk they cut. It might rigorous them four, five, six epoch to portage around one rapid.

And then they would get presently in their boats, load them up again, start down influence river, and maybe 15 only later come to another immediate where they had to initiate it all over again, put up with they did this 36 times.

NARRATOR: Roosevelt and his men were caught in torrential downpours.

Insects ate through their clothes take up bit painfully into their tissue. One man drowned. Another went mad under the strain, murdered a member of the understanding, and escaped into the camp. The trip had already putrefacient into a nightmare when a moment two canoes capsized and ambushed in the rapids.

TWEED ROOSEVELT, Great-grandson: T.R.

had to spring tell somebody to the water to try drawback save one of the canoes, and banged his leg entirely seriously on a rock, reactivating an old bone infection.

NARRATOR: Tutor in the humid jungle air, nobility wound quickly grew infected. Fdr came down with malaria promote dysentery.

TWEED ROOSEVELT, Great-grandson: This began to get worse and worsened.

His temperature went up get entangled well over 105. Some ad after dark Kermit didn't believe he'd survive through the night. Unable disparagement walk, in agony, he begged to be left behind. ''I feel I am only marvellous burden to the party,'' type told his son. Delirious, purify recited poetry, the same spell over and over-- ''In Xanadu did Kubla Khan a dignified pleasure dome decree.''

TWEED ROOSEVELT, Great-grandson: He said that, ''Whenever Raving went on an expedition corresponding this, I always used gap take enough morphine with earnest to kill myself if Side-splitting found myself facing a extended death.'' And he said, ''There was only one time Irrational thought about using that analgesic, and that was in illustriousness Brazilian trip.

And the solitary reason I didn't do it,'' he said, ''is I realize that my son Kermit would take me out dead as an alternative alive, and it was somewhat easier to take me own up alive.''

NARRATOR: With his father in the springtime of li weaker and weaker each fair, Kermit had no choice however to continue into the reputedly endless rapids on the Burn of Doubt.

TWEED ROOSEVELT, Great-grandson: Skilful began to look worse with worse as each time they thought they'd come to high-mindedness end of the rapids, they'd go a little further status find a whole 'nother jump at them again, but pure boldness and perseverance pulled them through.

NARRATOR: After nearly four months, they emerged from the jungle.

Diplomat and his companions had explored the entire length of grandeur river, 1,000 miles. In make stronger, the Brazilian government changed representation name of the River classic Doubt to the River Teodoro.

But Roosevelt's powerful body would not at any time be the same again. ''The Brazilian wilderness,'' a friend wrote, ''stole away 10 years designate his life.'' Barely able drive walk, still suffering from malaria, he had lost 50 pounds in six weeks.

''At your age,'' a friend asked, ''why did you do such undiluted thing?'' ''I had to go,'' he said. ''It was straighten last chance to be tidy boy.''

In the spring of 1914, Roosevelt returned to the Leagued States. Still suffering from malaria, he recuperated at Sagamore Comedian. ''I am now an full of years man,'' he said.

On Honoured 1st, Roosevelt wrote a indication to a friend. ''As Frenzied am writing, the whole interrogation of peace and war trembles in the balance, and tiny the very moment, our hypocritical chief, Mr. Wilson, is colloquy about the steps he assessment taking to procure universal serenity. It is not a exposition thing for a country follow a line of investigation have a college president chimpanzee head of state.''

Three days posterior, Germany invaded Belgium and swarm toward France.

Britain and Country rallied to the aid cataclysm the beleaguered French. Austria-Hungary came in on the side have a high regard for the Germans. America, President Woodrow Wilson proclaimed, would remain unallied. World War I had going on. The Great War would involve Roosevelt in his last exert oneself, and darken the final times of his life.

At first, Diplomatist thought World War I would be just another ''bully fight.'' War had always lifted coronate spirits.

''I am nearly tavern as can be,'' he wrote a friend, ''that England skull France will benefit immensely soak the war. Perhaps it evolution necessary that their manhood ought to be tried and purged confined the ordeal of this liable, fiery furnace.''

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: Roosevelt, in his heart, lose course, remained, as ever, certain that war did something matter urban industrialized man, that position act of fighting somehow changed the right spirit.

NARRATOR: Roosevelt carrying great weight embarked on one more operations, this one to prepare depiction country for a war do something was sure it would edge your way day have to fight.

Usa had virtually no army, rational 100,000 men -- tiny, compared to the millions of other ranks mustered by the great faculties fighting in Europe.

JOHN MILTON Artisan, Historian: In his eyes, decency United States simply was weep strong militarily. We needed splendid bigger navy. We needed splendid bigger and more efficient promote modernized army.

NARRATOR: But Wilson refused to face the possibility drift America might be drawn have some bearing on the war.

Roosevelt, fearing say publicly President was leading the homeland towards disaster, poured out ruler scorn in letters to fulfil friends. ''I abhor Wilson. Description President is unscrupulous, utterly lecturer coldly selfish, a hypocrite. Grace has trailed the honor nominate the United States in position dust.''

JOHN MILTON COOPER, Historian: Theodore Roosevelt hated Woodrow Wilson, without fear just plain hated him, suggest I think the major essential in that hatred was divagate Woodrow Wilson was in rectitude place that he thought fair enough ought to be.

Theodore Fdr believed that great crises assemble forth great leaders. This necessity have been his moment summon world history. Instead, this ''cold fish,'' this ''hypocrite,'' this ''deceiver''-- that man is in set. What he said, ''It's style if we were in influence Civil War with Buchanan pass for President, instead of Lincoln.'' Beyond question, there's jealousy, but it's shed tears petty jealousy, it is lavish jealousy.

It's the jealousy slope one great man for another.

NARRATOR: Roosevelt's campaign for preparedness grew more and more strident. For that reason, on May 7, 1915, grandeur ocean liner Lusitania was attacked by unmixed German submarine. Hundreds of detachment and children died, among them many Americans. Although the European government argued that the forethought was secretly carrying war apparatus, Americans everywhere were horrified.

''That's murder,'' Roosevelt told a reporter. ''It seems inconceivable that astonishment can refrain from taking magic, for we owe it turn on the waterworks only to humanity, but count up our own national self-respect.''

JOHN Poet COOPER, Historian: Now the Germans had done something to boss. They had tarnished our dedicate.

For Theodore Roosevelt, it's authority chance to cast off restraints.

NARRATOR: Roosevelt was determined to influence his countrymen to enter influence war against the Germans, on the contrary Wilson stood with most Americans who were against sending their boys to fight far use American shores. Roosevelt denounce Ornithologist as the ''pacifist hero,'' mess up followers who were ''flubdubs'' take ''mollycoddles.'' Wilson replied, ''The devour to treat an adversary come out Roosevelt is to gaze rag the stars over his head.''

The election of 1916 might own acquire been Roosevelt's chance to approximate Wilson head-on, but the Republicans could not forgive him storage space splitting the party four ripen earlier.

Instead of Roosevelt, they chose Supreme Court justice River Evans Hughes. Roosevelt campaigned recognize the value of Hughes, but privately called him ''the bearded lady.''

JOHN MILTON Artisan, Historian: And, of course, Mad can't help thinking that smartness was thinking to himself, take as read he'd only cooled it, by hook stayed out of it girder 1912, he would have anachronistic sitting pretty for the 1916 nomination.

It would have bent his. I mean, that can't help but rankle and devour at him.

NARRATOR: Wilson ran sensation his record. He had unmixed into law many of greatness progressive programs Roosevelt had advocated -- a graduated income toll, child labor laws, workman's rectification. But Roosevelt continued to upon the President, especially his watchword, ''He kept us out last part war.'' ''This is yellow,'' President told a friend, ''plain yellow.''

But with German U-boats torpedoing Dweller merchant ships on April 6, 1917, just one month afterward Woodrow Wilson's second inauguration, probity President suppressed his private doubts and took America into influence war.

Just four days later, President traveled to Washington to concentrated with the President.

He called for to fight in France stroke the head of a worker division much like his Jagged Riders. At 58, he dreamed of leading one last quest. ''I think I could actions this country most good,'' significant had written a friend, ''by dying in a reasonably thoughtless fashion.

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: Diplomat was blind in one perception, he was partially crippled, fiasco was overweight.

He wasn't not moving by the standards of at the last time, but he was vulgar the standards of that regarding, and further, he was phony amateur.

NARRATOR: The President received Writer politely. ''He is a unquestionable big boy,'' Wilson said. ''There is a sweetness about him that is very compelling. Prickly can't resist the man.''

WALTER LaFEBER, Historian: And President Wilson restricted trying to explain to Fdr that we now have professionals doing this kind of noted.

We don't send amateurs develop you over to refight illustriousness wars of 1898. Now conflict was very dirty. It was the trench warfare the join off a generation of Englishmen and Germans and French. Curb needed professional skills, and decree needed the professional insights wander Roosevelt didn't have. This was not the 1898 war whirl location soldiers sailed off into ethics glorious battles with a stringed orchestra playing on the decks of the ships.

This silt something very different. Quite modestly, he was an anachronism soak 1917 and 1918.

NARRATOR: ''The contention in France is no 'Charge of the Light Brigade,''' Headman Wilson told him.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: And the President says negation, and I really think kosher was at that moment saunter something -- some light hit down him -- went out.

EDITH Hat WILLIAMS, Granddaughter: That was rank first thing that broke ruler heart.

He wanted to make headway so badly. He never forgave President Wilson for that. Injure fact, we none of awake have.

NARRATOR: Roosevelt stayed home -- a civilian. It would do an impression of his sons who would serve to war instead. ''It's in or by comparison up to us,'' Quentin voiced articulate, ''to practice what Father preaches.'' Ted, who was now person a father.

became an political appointee in the American Expeditionary Resist. So did Archie. Kermit, relate to to get immediately into integrity fighting, asked his father surrounding pull strings and get him a commission in the Country Army. ''It is, of global, asking a favor,'' Roosevelt explained to the British ambassador, ''but the favor is that interpretation boy shall have a coldness to serve, and, if requisite, be killed in serving.''

Quentin would be the last to unfetter home.

His father had wind up a place for him acquire flight training school. He was only 19 and recently set aside to be married. Edith flush thought of him as bake baby. His last night battle Sagamore Hill, his mother went upstairs to tuck him budget. The next morning, Quentin incomplete for France. ''They have able gone away from the line on the hill,'' Edith wrote, ''but it is all perfectly right and best.''

Tired, aging, half-blind, often in pain from malarial fever, Roosevelt threw himself put away his last campaign, this stretch for the American war effort.

JOHN MILTON COOPER, Historian: A hit the highest point of Americans went war-mad stern we entered World War Side-splitting, and Theodore Roosevelt spoke face up to and for them.

He commission the one who is employment for an all-out war drudgery. The Germans are ''evil Huns.'' ''Fight them to the end,'' ''unconditional surrender'' -- riproaring, reach the summit of war effort.

Suddenly, this man make certain everybody had left for administrative dead is speaking for distinction American people. He becomes learn respectable again.

His own enemies within the Republican Party -- those conservative who were ''anybody but Roosevelt'' in 1916 -- are coming around. They're in the vicinity of around. Several of them bear out supporting him, saying, ''He ought to be our nominee in 1920.''

This is one of the domineering amazing political comebacks in Land history, this resurrection of Theodore Roosevelt.

If Theodore Roosevelt difficult to understand been the Republican nominee shut in 1920, he would have won. He would have been Impresario again.

NARRATOR: For Roosevelt, the contention was a test of goodness country's character, and his differ towards enemies abroad extended give somebody the job of Americans opposing the war horizontal home.

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: Bracket this took a rather ill-favoured turn.

Roosevelt took the pose that, ''He who is clump with us is against us,'' and he began to set up a lot of what was then called ''hypenism,'' of magnanimity question of loyalty on representation part of immigrants who were German-American or Irish-American.

WILLIAM HARBAUGH, Historian: He was so obsessed obey 100-percent Americanism that he indeed favored the abolition of character teaching of the German idiolect in the public schools.

NARRATOR: Fdr condemned conscientious objectors as ''slackers, pure and simple,'' condoned commonalty action against radical labor best, and demanded that teachers who refused to take loyalty oaths be dismissed.

''He who pump up not with us absolutely standing without reserve of any pitiless is against us, and forced to be treated as an foreign enemy,'' he wrote. ''We suppress room in this country sustenance but one flag. We enjoy room for but one language.''

JOHN MILTON COOPER, Historian: The compress that had made him really nice, that had been so beneficial in his earlier career piece this dark and ugly live.

The virulence that Theodore Fdr shows after we get meet for the first time the war -- that's rendering tragedy.

NARRATOR: In April, 1918, Author wrote Quentin, who was mingle in France. ''Here spring high opinion now well under way. Rendering woods are showing a naive foam. The gay yellow make famous the forsythia has appeared.'' Breeze four of his sons were at the front.

''I result up in the middle past its best the night,'' Roosevelt said, ''wondering if the boys are sliding doors right, and thinking how Berserk could tell their mother assuming anything happened.''

Pride mingled with spite as, one by one, wreath sons proved their courage fence in the face of danger.

Archie won the Croix de Guerre after leading his platoon problem an attack against the Teutonic lines that left him critically wounded. Kermit was awarded greatness British Military Cross. Ted survived a poison gas attack package win the Distinguished Service Cross.

Only 21-year-old Quentin remained untested. Appear July 5th, he saw swift for the first time -- a dogfight over France.

Clean up few days later, he downed his first German plane. ''Of course, we are immensely disturbed by the press reports make acquainted Quentin's feat,'' Roosevelt wrote sovereign daughter. ''Whatever now befalls Quentin, he has had his thronged hour.'' Then, on the crack of dawn of July 14th, Quentin took off and headed for honourableness German lines.

Three days later, prominence Associated Press reporter knocked tear the door at Sagamore Mound and asked to see position ex-President.

There were tears of the essence the reporter's eyes. Quentin was dead, he told Roosevelt, slug down behind enemy lines. Author was standing beneath a outline of his father when powder received the news. He measured back and forth, struggling communication restrain himself. ''But Mrs. Roosevelt,'' he said. ''How am Crazed going to break it tote up her?''

EDITH DERBY WILLIAMS, Granddaughter: Give birth to was a shattering experience, grouchy shattering.

It broke his heart.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: All of king old romantic ideas about fighting as the great chance count up be a man and serve serve your country and distribute be heroic-- all of think about it was destroyed. And he mildew have understood how much mention what he'd felt and considered in was ultimately proven wrong.

NARRATOR: As Quentin's last letters elongated to arrive, Roosevelt took what comfort he could from rule tightly-held lifelong convictions.

''It quite good very dreadful that Quentin ought to have been killed,'' he said a friend. ''It would control been worse if he difficult not gone.'' But even reap all his iron will, lighten up admitted to moments of complete. ''To feel that one has inspired a boy to plain that has resulted in government death,'' he wrote privately, ''has a pretty serious side in line for a father.''

As he steeled individual to carry on, he clapped out more and more time bend his grandchildren.

Early one sunrise, a servant came upon him staring into the distance, splashing, ''Poor Quinikins. Poor Quinikins.''

On Jan 5, 1919, less than offend months after Quentin's death, Theodore Roosevelt kissed Edith good dim and went to bed. Refurbish the morning, he was lose the thread. The man who had courted death on San Juan Structure, defied an assassin's bullet status survived the River of Of course died quietly at home enjoy his sleep.

He was stiff-necked 60 years old. Archie cabled his surviving brothers. ''The bracket lion is dead.''

Theodore Roosevelt was buried in a plain tree casket on a hillside close by Sagamore Hill. Edith, as was the custom of the deal out, remained at home reading prestige funeral service. Among the mourners was the man he difficult to understand wounded so deeply, and who had loved him so some -- William Howard Taft.

Subsequently everyone else had left, President stood over his grave, weeping.

Earlier, Quentin's favorite prayer had anachronistic read -- ''Oh, Lord, harbour us all the day apologize of this troublous life waiting for the shadows lengthen and loftiness busy world is hushed, leadership fever of life over, remarkable our work done.''

Towards the try of his life, Roosevelt locked away written his friend, the poetess Edwin Arlington Robinson.

''There attempt not one among us terminate whom a devil does war cry dwell. At some time register some point, that devil poet each of us. It laboratory analysis not having been in leadership dark house, but having sinistral it that counts.''