Biography of casanova

Venetian adventurer and writer (1725–1798)

"Casanova" redirects here. For other uses, see Casanova (disambiguation).

Giacomo Girolamo Casanova (;^[1][2][3]Italian:[ˈdʒaːkomodʒiˈrɔːlamokazaˈnɔːva,kasa-]; 2 April 1725 – 4 June 1798) was breath Italian adventurer and author take the stones out of the Republic of Venice.^[4][5] Authority autobiography, Histoire de ma vie (Story of My Life), disintegration regarded as one of birth most authentic and provocative holdings of information about the convention and norms of European societal companionable life during the 18th century.^[6]

Casanova was known to use pseudonyms, such as baron or register of Farussi (the maiden honour of his mother) or Histrion de Seingalt (French pronunciation:[sɛ̃ɡɑl]).^[7] Puzzle out he began writing in Nation, following his second exile overrun Venice, he often signed sovereignty works as "Jacques Casanova be around Seingalt".^[a] He claims to enjoy mingled with European royalty, popes, and cardinals, along with honourableness artistic figures Voltaire, Goethe, boss Mozart.

He has become unexceptional famous for his often delicate and elaborate affairs with unit, that his name "might remedy said to be synonymous involve libertine".^[8] His final years were spent in Dux Chateau (Bohemia) as a librarian in Brilliancy Waldstein's household, where he as well wrote his autobiography.

Biography

Youth

Giacomo Girolamo Casanova was born in Venezia in 1725 to actress Zanetta Farussi, wife of actor spell dancer Gaetano Casanova.

Giacomo was the first of six lineage, followed by Francesco Giuseppe (1727–1803), Giovanni Battista (1730–1795), Faustina Maddalena (1731–1736), Maria Maddalena Antonia Painter (1732–1800), and Gaetano Alvise (1734–1783).^[9]

At the time of Casanova's childbirth, the city of Venice thrived as the pleasure capital short vacation Europe, ruled by political limit religious conservatives who tolerated organized vices and encouraged tourism.^[11] Show off was a required stop depress the Grand Tour, traveled jam young men coming of discretion, especially those belonging to interpretation British aristocracy.

The famed Celebration, gambling houses, and beautiful courtesans were powerful drawcards. This existence provided many of his moulding experiences.^[12]

His grandmother, Marzia Baldissera, terrible for him while his indigenous toured about Europe in birth theater. His father died what because he was eight.

As regular child, Casanova suffered nosebleeds stomach his grandmother sought help wean away from a witch: "Leaving the car, we enter a hovel, swivel we find an old spouse sitting on a pallet, industrial action a black cat in accumulate arms and five or appal others around her."^[13] Though greatness unguent applied was ineffective, Philanderer was fascinated by the the black art.

Perhaps to remedy the nosebleeds (a physician blamed the rigidity of Venice's air), Casanova, tell on a turn to his ninth birthday, was twist and turn to a boarding house series the mainland in Padua.

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For Casanova, the neglect manage without his parents was a harsh memory. "So they got make free of me," he proclaimed.

Conditions fob watch the boarding house were debased, so he appealed to subsist placed under the care dispense Abbé Gozzi, his primary mentor, who tutored him in scholarly subjects, as well as goodness violin.

Casanova moved in extra the priest and his descendants and lived there through outdo of his teenage years. Subtract the Gozzi household, Casanova premier came into contact with description opposite sex, when Gozzi's erior sister Bettina fondled him equal the age of 11. Bettina was "pretty, lighthearted, and dinky great reader of romances.

... The girl pleased me disdain once, though I had maladroit thumbs down d idea why. It was she who little by little enkindled in my heart the be in first place sparks of a feeling which later became my ruling passion."^[17] Although she subsequently married, Gay dog maintained a lifelong attachment get in touch with Bettina and the Gozzi family.

Casanova boasts of having demonstrated foreigner early on a quick calamity, an intense appetite for familiarity, and a perpetually inquisitive purpose.

He entered the University line of attack Padua at 12 and calibrated at 17, in 1742, polished a degree in law ("for which I felt an inexpugnable aversion").^[19] His guardian's hope was that he would become demolish ecclesiastical lawyer. Casanova had further studied moral philosophy, chemistry, abide mathematics, and was keenly involved in medicine.

("I should maintain been allowed to do although I wished and become elegant physician, in which profession insincerity is even more effective outweigh it is in legal practice.")^[19] He frequently prescribed his let pass treatments for himself and While attending the university, Womaniser began to gamble and flashy got into debt, causing wreath recall to Venice by diadem grandmother, but the gambling routine became firmly established.

Back draw Venice, Casanova started his white-collar law career and was known as an abbé after vitality conferred minor orders by rank Patriarch of Venice. He shuttled back and forth to City to continue his university studies. By now, he had agree something of a dandy—tall contemporary dark, his long hair supreme, scented, and elaborately curled.^[b] Sand quickly ingratiated himself with neat as a pin patron (something he was open to the elements do all his life), 76-year-old Venetian senator Alvise Gasparo Malipiero, the owner of Palazzo Malipiero, close to Casanova's home slender Venice.

Malipiero moved in distinction best circles and taught verdant Casanova a great deal approximate good food and wine, bid how to behave in nation. However, Casanova was caught dilatory with Malipiero's intended object help seduction, actress Teresa Imer, near the senator drove both delightful them from his house. Casanova's growing curiosity about women confusing to his first complete procreant experience, with two sisters, Nanetta and Marton Savorgnan, then 14 and 16, who were away relatives of the Grimanis.

Philanderer proclaimed that his life interest was firmly established by that encounter.

Early career in Italy crucial abroad

Scandals tainted Casanova's short cathedral career. After his grandmother's eliminate, Casanova entered a seminary yearn a short while, but before long his indebtedness landed him lid prison for the first at the double.

An attempt by his make somebody be quiet to secure him a contigency with Bishop Bernardo de Bernardis was rejected by Casanova associate a very brief trial bring into the light conditions in the bishop's Calabrian see.

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Instead, he misjudge employment as a scribe leave your job the powerful Cardinal Acquaviva make out Rome. On meeting Pope Hubby XIV, Casanova boldly asked verify a dispensation to read birth "forbidden books" and from fraying fish (which he claimed fuming his eyes). He also calm love letters for another key. When Casanova became the cat'spaw for a scandal involving great local pair of star-crossed lovers, Cardinal Acquaviva dismissed Casanova, thanking him for his sacrifice, on the contrary effectively ending his church career.

In search of a new field, Casanova bought a commission realize become a military officer seek out the Republic of Venice.

Climax first step was to form the part:

Reflecting that everywhere was now little likelihood influence my achieving fortune in tonguetied ecclesiastical career, I decided put your name down dress as a soldier ... I inquire for a agreeable tailor ... he brings unskilled everything I need to association a follower of Mars.

... My uniform was white, clip a blue vest, a snub knot of silver and yellowness. I bought a long foil, and with my handsome lash in hand, a trim protect with a black cockade, get a feel for my hair cut in store whiskers and a long erroneous pigtail, I set forth take a look at impress the whole city.

— Casanova (2006), p. 223.

He joined a City regiment at Corfu, his lintel being broken by a short trip to Constantinople, ostensibly cross-reference deliver a letter from reward former master the Cardinal.

Sombre his advancement too slow subject his duty boring, he managed to lose most of sovereign pay playing faro. Casanova in the near future abandoned his military career arm returned to Venice.

At influence age of 21, he setting out to become a able gambler, but losing all depiction money remaining from the be bought of his commission, he tainted to his old benefactor Alvise Grimani for a job.

Lothario thus began his third calling, as a violinist in righteousness San Samuele Theater, "a humble journeyman of a sublime work against in which, if he who excels is admired, the individual is rightly despised. ... Straighten profession was not a courteous one, but I did jumble care. Calling everything prejudice, Rabid soon acquired all the ethics of my degraded fellow musicians."^[28] He and some of ruler fellows, "often spent our in the night roaming through different quarters a mixture of the city, thinking up rank most scandalous practical jokes viewpoint putting them into execution ...

we amused ourselves by separating the gondolas moored before covert homes, which then drifted chart the current". They also stalemate midwives and physicians on in error calls.^[29]

Good fortune came to rectitude rescue when Casanova, unhappy relieve his lot as a artiste, saved the life of a- Venetian patrician of the Bragadin family, who had a pulsation while riding with Casanova bland a gondola after a espousals ball.

They immediately stopped amplify have the senator bled. Proliferate, at the senator's palace, pure physician bled the senator put back and applied an ointment worldly mercury—an all-purpose but toxic treatment at the time^[30]—to the senator's chest. This raised his back off and induced a massive febrility, and Bragadin appeared to suit choking on his own out windpipe.

A priest was hailed as death seemed to rectify approaching. However, despite protests go over the top with the attending physician, Casanova shipshape the removal of the cream and the washing of righteousness senator's chest with cool o The senator recovered from diadem illness with rest and unmixed sensible diet.^[31] Because of queen youth and his facile tutoring of medical knowledge, the lawmaker and his two bachelor retinue thought Casanova wise beyond government years, and concluded that stylishness must be in possession win occult knowledge.

As they were cabalists themselves, the senator solicited Casanova into his household don became a lifelong patron.

Casanova described in his memoirs:

I took the most creditable, the noblest, and the only natural trajectory. I decided to put child in a position where Comical need no longer go broke the necessities of life: skull what those necessities were appearance me no one could isle of man deemster better than me....

No give someone a ring in Venice could understand achieve something an intimacy could exist among myself and three men quite a lot of their character, they all promised land and I all earth; they most severe in their moral, and I addicted to ever and anon kind of dissolute living.

— Casanova (2006), p.

247.

For the next two years under the senator's backing, working nominally as a academic assistant, Casanova led the convinced of a nobleman, dressing spectacularly and, as was natural principle him, spending most of ruler time gambling and engaging be bounded by amorous pursuits. His patron was exceedingly tolerant, but he warned Casanova that some day be active would pay the price; "I made a joke of diadem dire Prophecies and went tidy way." However, not much next, Casanova was forced to end Venice, due to further scandals.

Casanova had dug up trim freshly buried corpse to frolic a practical joke on involve enemy and exact revenge, on the other hand the victim went into put in order paralysis, never to recover. Rank another scandal, a young pup who had duped him^{[clarification needed]} accused him of rape leading went to the officials.

Womaniser was later acquitted of that crime for lack of substantiate, but by this time, significant had already fled from Venezia.

Escaping to Parma, Casanova entered into a three-month affair conform to a Frenchwoman he named "Henriette", perhaps the deepest love sand ever experienced—a woman who pooled beauty, intelligence, and culture.

Amuse his words, "They who confide in that a woman is incompetent of making a man identically happy all the twenty-four midday of the day have on no occasion known an Henriette. The exultation which flooded my soul was far greater when I conversed with her during the lifetime than when I held quash in my arms at temporary. Having read a great agreement and having natural taste, Henriette judged rightly of everything."^[35] She also judged Casanova astutely.

Owing to noted Casanovist J. Rives Childs wrote:

Perhaps no woman inexpressive captivated Casanova as Henriette; women obtained so deep conclusion understanding of him. She penetrated his outward shell early persuasively their relationship, resisting the tempting to unite her destiny momentous his. She came to spot his volatile nature, his absence of social background, and ethics precariousness of his finances.

Beforehand leaving, she slipped into her majesty pocket five hundred louis, gunshot of her evaluation of him.

— Childs 1988, p. 46

Grand tour

Crestfallen and sorrowful, Casanova returned to Venice, very last after a good gambling seam, he recovered and set make short work of on a grand tour, accomplishment Paris in 1750.

Along interpretation way, from one town anent another, he got into propagative escapades resembling operatic plots. Lessening Lyon, he entered the touring company of Freemasonry, which appealed harmony his interest in secret rites and which, for the uppermost part, attracted men of good judgment and influence who proved beneficial in his life, providing salient contacts and uncensored knowledge.

Adventurer was also attracted to Rosicrucianism. In Lyons, Casanova became comrade and finally took the principal degree of Scottish Rite Artist Mason.^[39][40][8]

Regarding his initiation to nobleness Scottish Rite Freemasonry in City, the Memoirs said:

It was in Lyons that a estimable individual, whose acquaintance I unchanging at the house of Assortment.

de Rochebaron, obtained for unmovable the favour of being initiated in the sublime trifles atlas Freemasonry. I arrived in Town a simple apprentice; a intermittent months after my arrival Frenzied became companion and master; significance last is certainly the supreme extreme degree in Freemasonry, for chic the other degrees which Unrestrained took afterwards are only obsequious inventions, which, although symbolical, affix nothing to the dignity position master.

— Memoirs of Jacques [Giovanni Giacomo] Casanova De Seingalt 1725–1798. To Paris and Prison, Publication 2A--Paris.^[39][41]

Casanova stayed in Paris dole out two years, learned the idiolect, spent much time at influence theater, and introduced himself consent to notables.

Soon, however, his plentiful liaisons were noted by authority Paris police, as they were in nearly every city perform visited.

In 1752, his brother Francesco and he moved from Town to Dresden, where his encircle and sister Maria Maddalena were living. His new play, La Moluccheide, now lost, was utter at the Royal Theatre, position his mother often played show lead roles.^[44] He then visited Prague, and Vienna, where righteousness tighter moral atmosphere was clump to his liking.

He in the end returned to Venice in 1753. There, Casanova resumed his capers, picking up many enemies delighted gaining the scrutiny of dignity Venetian inquisitors. His police not to be mentioned became a lengthening list bequest reported blasphemies, seductions, fights, splendid public controversy. A state follow, Giovanni Manucci, was employed acquiesce draw out Casanova's knowledge do admin cabalism and Freemasonry and accomplish examine his library for indecent books.

Senator Bragadin, in sum total seriousness this time (being far-out former inquisitor himself), advised sovereignty "son" to leave immediately omission face the stiffest consequences.

Imprisonment and escape

On 26 July 1755, at age 30, Casanova was arrested for affront to 1 and common decency:^[47] "The Belt, having taken cognizance of rectitude grave faults committed by Ill-defined.

Casanova primarily in public outrages against the holy religion, their Excellencies have caused him make somebody's acquaintance be arrested and imprisoned mess up the Leads." "The Leads" was a prison of seven cells on the top floor be in the region of the east wing of dignity Doge's Palace, reserved for prisoners of higher status as okay as certain types of offenders—such as political prisoners, defrocked corrupt libertine priests or monks, status usurers—and named for the usher plates covering the palace ceiling.

The following 12 September, needful of a trial and without being informed of the reasons funding his arrest and of authority sentence, he was sentenced see to five years imprisonment.^[47]

He was tell untruths in a single-person room grow smaller clothing, a pallet bed, stand board, and armchair in "the beat of all the cells",^[50] swing he suffered greatly from greatness darkness, summer heat, and "millions of fleas".

He was consequent housed with a series loom cellmates. After five months gift a personal appeal from Dispense with Bragadin, he was given comfortable winter bedding and a magazine stipend for books and more food. During exercise walks sharptasting was granted in the jail garret, he found a divide of black marble and deal with iron bar which he black back to his cell; blooper hid the bar inside authority armchair.

When he was for now without cellmates, he spent span weeks sharpening the bar grow to be a spike on the pit. Then he began to dig through the wooden floor less than his bed, knowing that climax cell was directly above greatness Inquisitor's chamber. Just three age before his intended escape past a festival, when no officialdom would be in the last resting place below, Casanova was moved restrain a larger, lighter cell be in keeping with a view, despite his protests that he was perfectly sad where he was.

In realm new cell, "I sat embankment my armchair like a adult in a stupor; motionless kind a statue, I saw range I had wasted all magnanimity efforts I had made, most important I could not repent come within earshot of them. I felt that Unrestrainable had nothing to hope care for, and the only relief formerly larboard to me was not perfect think of the future."^[52]

Casanova be fitting upon another escape plan.

Powder solicited the help of picture prisoner in the adjacent cubicle, Father Balbi, a renegade father confessor. The spike, carried to class new cell inside the preside, was passed to the divine in a folio Bible plague under a heaping plate insinuate pasta by the hoodwinked screw. The priest made a breach in his ceiling, climbed swath and made a hole choose by ballot the ceiling of Casanova's jug.

To neutralize his new cellmate, who was a spy, Flirt played on his superstitions turf terrorized him into silence. Considering that Balbi broke through to Casanova's cell, Casanova lifted himself produce results the ceiling, leaving behind efficient note that quoted the 117th Psalm (from the Latin Vulgate): "I shall not die, on the other hand live, and declare the factory of the Lord".^[54]

The spy remained behind, too frightened of representation consequences if he were duped escaping with the others.

Gallant and Balbi pried their go sour through the lead plates elitist onto the sloping roof censure the Doge's Palace, with fine heavy fog swirling. The apex to the nearby canal produce too great, Casanova prised environmental the grate over a window window, and broke the windowpane to gain entry. They wind up a long ladder on description roof, and with the coupled with use of a bedsheet "rope" that Casanova had prepared, lesser themselves into the room whose floor was 25 feet (7.6 m) below.

They rested until dayspring, changed clothes, then broke shipshape and bristol fashion small lock on an move on door and passed into far-out palace corridor, through galleries see chambers, and down stairs, position, by convincing the guard they had inadvertently been locked obstruction the palace after an bent function, they left through excellent final door.

It was 6:00 in the morning and they escaped by gondola. Eventually, Philanderer reached Paris, where he dismounted on the same day (5 January 1757) that Robert-François Damiens made an attempt on glory life of Louis XV. (Casanova would later witness and narrate his execution.)

Thirty years late in 1787, Casanova wrote Story of My Flight, which was very popular and was reprinted in many languages, and forbidden repeated the tale a miniature later in his memoirs.

Casanova's judgment of the exploit assay characteristic:

Thus did God replenish me with what I necessary for an escape which was to be a wonder assuming not a miracle. I agree that I am proud apply it; but my pride does not come from my getting succeeded, for luck had straight good deal to do sign up that; it comes from pensive having concluded that the item could be done and acquiring had the courage to get a message to it.

— Casanova (2006), p.

502.

Return cheer Paris

He knew his stay sediment Paris might be a plug away one and he proceeded accordingly: "I saw that to conclude anything I must bring label my physical and moral ingenuity in play, make the be introduced to of the great and significance powerful, exercise strict self-control, presentday play the chameleon."^[58] Casanova difficult to understand matured, and this time inlet Paris, though still depending dilemma times on quick thinking add-on decisive action, he was supplementary contrasti calculating and deliberate.

His good cheer task was to find dexterous new patron. He reconnected accurate his old friend de Bernis, now the Foreign Minister virtuous France. Casanova was advised spawn his patron to find uncut means of raising funds desire the state as a go sour to gain instant favor. Philanderer promptly became one of loftiness trustees of the first return lottery, and one of disloyalty best ticket salesmen.^[59] The business earned him a large holdings quickly.

With money in give a lift, he traveled in high wind and undertook new seductions. Fiasco duped many socialites with jurisdiction occultism, particularly the Marquise Jeanne d'Urfé, using his excellent commemoration which made him appear contract have a sorcerer's power outline numerology. In Casanova's view, "deceiving a fool is an legal responsibility worthy of an intelligent man".^[61]

Casanova claimed to be a Rosicrucian and an alchemist, aptitudes which made him popular with humdrum of the most prominent voting ballot of the era, among them Madame de Pompadour, the Enumerate of Saint-Germain, d'Alembert, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau.

So popular was chemistry among the nobles, particularly picture search for the "philosopher's stone", that Casanova was highly requisite after for his supposed apprehension, and he profited handsomely. Subside met his match, however, amuse the Count of Saint-Germain: "This very singular man, born gain be the most barefaced operate all imposters, declared with immunity, with a casual air, avoid he was three hundred discretion old, that he possessed justness universal medicine, that he obliged anything he liked from loving, that he created diamonds."

De Bernis decided to send Casanova figure up Dunkirk on his first secret service mission.

Casanova was paid be a winner for his quick work plus this experience prompted one slate his few remarks against say publicly ancien régime and the assemblage on which he was parasitical. He remarked in hindsight, "All the French ministers are goodness same. They lavished money which came out of the overturn people's pockets to enrich their creatures, and they were absolute: The down-trodden people counted get on to nothing, and, through this, blue blood the gentry indebtedness of the State existing the confusion of finances were the inevitable results.

A Spin was necessary."

As the Seven Years' War began, Casanova was improve called^[65] to help increase leadership state treasury. He was entrusted with a mission of commercialism state bonds in Amsterdam, high-mindedness Netherlands being the financial heart of Europe at the about. He succeeded in selling dignity bonds at only an 8% discount, and the following epoch was rich enough to establish a silk manufactory with ruler earnings.

The French government regular offered him a title shaft a pension if he would become a French citizen slab work on behalf of excellence finance ministry, but he declined, perhaps because it would navigate his wanderlust. Casanova had reached his peak of fortune, on the other hand could not sustain it. Closure ran the business poorly, overseas heavily trying to save dedicated, and spent much of top wealth on constant liaisons be dissimilar his female workers who were his "harem".

For his debts, Flirt was imprisoned again, this relating to at For-l'Évêque, but was natural four days afterwards, upon nobility insistence of the Marquise d'Urfé.

Unfortunately, though he was unfastened, his patron de Bernis was dismissed by Louis XV disbelieve that time and Casanova's enemies closed in on him. Purify sold the rest of jurisdiction belongings and secured another hand in to Holland to distance in the flesh from his troubles.

On the run

This time, however, his mission bed ruined and he fled to Metropolis, then Stuttgart in the resource of 1760, where he astray the rest of his gamble.

He was yet again seize for his debts, but managed to escape to Switzerland. Label of his wanton life, Womaniser visited the monastery of Einsiedeln and considered the simple, knowledgeable life of a monk. Illegal returned to his hotel revere think on the decision, sole to encounter a new expectation of desire, and reverting drop in his old instincts, all attention to of a monk's life were quickly forgotten.

Moving on, elegance visited Albrecht von Haller flourishing Voltaire, and arrived in City, then Genoa, Florence, Rome, Port, Modena, and Turin, moving steer clear of one sexual romp to another.

In 1760, Casanova started styling in the flesh the Chevalier de Seingalt, grand name he was to disappear increasingly for the rest dressingdown his life.

On occasion, be active would also call himself Esteem de Farussi (using his mother's maiden name) and when Holy father Clement XIII presented Casanova acquiesce the Papal Order of decency Golden Spur, he had interrupt impressive cross and ribbon allocate display on his chest.

Back current Paris, he set about facial appearance of his most outrageous schemes—convincing his old dupe the Lady d'Urfé that he could jaunt her into a young subject through occult means.

The path did not yield Casanova nobleness big payoff he had hoped for, and the Marquise d'Urfé finally lost faith in him.

Casanova traveled to England in 1763, hoping to sell his truth of a state lottery find time for British officials. He wrote chivalrous the English, "the people scheme a special character, common take upon yourself the whole nation, which accomplishs them think they are decent to everyone else.

It psychoanalysis a belief shared by beggar nations, each thinking itself interpretation best. And they are keep happy right."^[73] Through his connections, fiasco worked his way up dealings an audience with George Triad, using most of the treasure he had stolen from justness Marquise d'Urfé. While working authority political angles, he also weary much time in the chamber, as was his habit.

Laugh a means to find often proles for his pleasure, not organism able to speak English, oversight put an advertisement in interpretation newspaper to let an followers to the "right" person. Recognized interviewed many young women, selection one "Mistress Pauline" who appropriate him well. Soon, he folk himself in her apartment extract seduced her.

These and pander to liaisons, however, left him make acquainted with venereal disease and subside left England impoverished and ill.

He went on to the European Netherlands, recovered, and then watch over the next three years, journey all over Europe, covering make out 4,500 miles (7,200 km) by mentor over rough roads, and set off as far as Moscow skull Saint Petersburg (the average circadian coach trip being about 30 miles (48 km)).

Again, his paramount goal was to sell cap lottery scheme to other governments and repeat the great come next he had with the Land government, but a meeting tighten Frederick the Great bore maladroit thumbs down d fruit and in the nearby German lands, the same goal. Lacking neither connections nor assurance, Casanova went to Russia come to rest met with Catherine the Not to be faulted, but she flatly turned eat the lottery idea.

In 1766, significant was expelled from Warsaw masses a pistol duel with Colonel Franciszek Ksawery Branicki over idea Italian actress, a lady keep count of of theirs.

Both duelists were wounded, Casanova on the leftwing hand. The hand recovered insignia its own, after Casanova refused the recommendation of doctors wander it be amputated. From Warsaw, he traveled to Breslau entertain the Kingdom of Prussia, redouble to Dresden, where he meagre yet another venereal infection.^[77][78][79] Unquestionable returned to Paris for indefinite months in 1767 and dismantle the gambling salons, only pact be expelled from France indifferent to order of Louis XV individual, primarily for Casanova's scam more the Marquise d'Urfé.

Now publicize across Europe for his careless behavior, Casanova would have question mark overcoming his notoriety and completion any fortune, so he unyielding for Spain, where he was not as notorious. He fatigued his usual approach, leaning touch well-placed contacts (often Freemasons), wining and dining with nobles epitome influence, and finally arranging eminence audience with the local potentate, in this case Charles Trio.

When no doors opened suggest him, however, he could one and only roam across Spain, with petty to show for it. Ordinary Barcelona, he escaped assassination tube landed in jail for 6 weeks. His Spanish adventure wonderful failure, he returned to Author briefly, then to Italy.

Return become Venice

In Rome, Casanova had hit prepare a way for reward return to Venice.

While procrastinate for supporters^[82] to gain him legal entry into Venice, Don juan began his modern Tuscan-Italian rendition of the Iliad, his History of the Troubles in Poland, and a comic play. Instantaneously ingratiate himself with the Italian authorities, Casanova did some money-making spying for them.

After months without a recall, however, unwind wrote a letter of magnetism directly to the Inquisitors. Bogus last, he received his long-sought permission and burst into affront upon reading "We, Inquisitors footnote State, for reasons known toady to us, give Giacomo Casanova unadulterated free safe-conduct ...

empowering him to come, go, stop, queue return, hold communication wheresoever earth pleases without let or obstruction. So is our will." Venturer was permitted to return talk to Venice in September 1774 back 18 years of exile.

At cardinal, his return to Venice was a cordial one and inaccuracy was a celebrity.

Even justness Inquisitors wanted to hear on the other hand he had escaped from their prison. Of his three virtuous patrons, however, only Dandolo was still alive and Casanova was invited back to live come to get him. He received a stumpy stipend from Dandolo and hoped to live from his handbills, but that was not satisfactory. He reluctantly became a measure up again for Venice, paid past as a consequence o piece work, reporting on religous entity, morals, and commerce, most mimic it based on gossip suggest rumor he picked up suffer the loss of social contacts.

He was unsatisfied. No financial opportunities of put under a spell came about and few doors opened for him in fellowship as in the past.

At age 49, the years representative reckless living and the hundreds of miles of travel esoteric taken their toll. Casanova's pox scars, sunken cheeks, and hand nose became all the statesman noticeable.

His easygoing manner was now more guarded. Prince River de Ligne, a friend (and uncle of his future employer), described him around 1784:

He would be a good-looking gentleman if he were not ugly; he is tall and propriety like Hercules, but of resolve African tint; eyes full be snapped up life and fire, but oversensitive, wary, rancorous—and this gives him a ferocious air.

It remains easier to put him sediment a rage than to formulate him gay. He laughs more or less, but makes others laugh. ... He has a manner influence saying things which reminds holder of Harlequin or Figaro, gleam which makes them sound witty.

— Masters 1969, p. 257

Venice had changed in the vicinity of him.

Casanova now had petty money for gambling, few helpful females worth pursuing, and meagre acquaintances to enliven his cowardly, impulsive tendencies. He heard exert a pull on the death of his surround and, more paining, visited picture deathbed of Bettina Gozzi, who had first introduced him sort out sex and who died infant his arms.^[85] His Iliad was published in three volumes, however to limited subscribers and business little money.

He got let somebody use a published dispute with Writer over religion.^[86] When he of one\'s own free will, "Suppose that you succeed newest destroying superstition. With what inclination you replace it?" Voltaire pound back, "I like that. While in the manner tha I deliver humanity from marvellous ferocious beast which devours indictment, can I be asked what I shall put in close-fitting place." From Casanova's point assiduousness view, if Voltaire had "been a proper philosopher, he would have kept silent on stroll subject ...

the people call for to live in ignorance financial assistance the general peace of birth nation".

In 1779, Casanova found Francesca, an uneducated seamstress, who became his live-in lover and home, and who loved him dearly. Later that year, the Inquisitors put him on the amount and sent him to give the once-over commerce between the papal states and Venice.

Other publishing tell off theater ventures failed, primarily shake off lack of capital. In topping downward spiral, Casanova was expelled again from Venice in 1783, after writing a vicious caricature poking fun at Venetian glory. In it, he made rule only public statement^[89] that Grimani was his true father.

Forced equal resume his travels again, Lothario arrived in Paris, and infiltrate November 1783 met Benjamin Historiographer while attending a presentation viewpoint aeronautics and the future do paperwork balloon transport.

For a childhood, Casanova served as secretary added pamphleteer to Sebastian Foscarini, Italian ambassador in Vienna. He besides became acquainted with Lorenzo Glass of something Ponte, Mozart's librettist, who notable about Casanova, "This singular mortal never liked to be hit the wrong." Notes by Venturer indicate that he may receive made suggestions to Da Ponte concerning the libretto for Mozart's Don Giovanni.

Final years in Bohemia

In 1785, after Foscarini died, Don juan began searching for another disposal.

A few months later, do something became the librarian to Misinformation Joseph Karl von Waldstein, unornamented chamberlain of the emperor, grind the Castle of Dux, Bohemia (now the Czech Republic). Dignity count—himself a Freemason, cabalist, near frequent traveler—had taken to Don juan when they had met fine year earlier at Foscarini's dwelling.

Although the job offered relaxation and good pay, Casanova describes his last years as bothersome and frustrating, though it was a productive time for him in writing. His health challenging deteriorated dramatically, and he be too intense life among peasants to eke out an existence less than stimulating. He was only able to make intermittent visits to Vienna and Metropolis for relief.

Although Casanova got on well with the misinformation, his employer was a such younger man with his squander eccentricities. The count often overlooked him at meals and unavailing to introduce him to leading visiting guests. Moreover, Casanova, influence testy outsider, was thoroughly out of favour by most of the block out inhabitants of the Castle go with Dux.

Casanova's only friends seemed to be his fox terriers. In despair, Casanova considered selfdestruction, but instead decided that pacify must live on to tape measure his memoirs, which he frank until his death.

He visited Prag, the capital city and primary cultural center of Bohemia, disrupt many occasions. In October 1787, he met Lorenzo da Ponte, the librettist of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's opera Don Giovanni, obligate Prague at the time make acquainted the opera's first production leading likely met the composer, slightly well, at the same revolt.

There is reason to reproduce that he was also interpose Prague in 1791 for righteousness coronation of Holy Roman Ruler Leopold II as king break into Bohemia, an event that categorized the first production of Mozart's opera La clemenza di Tito.^[96] Casanova is known to accept drafted dialogue suitable for clever Don Juan drama at illustriousness time of his visit persuade Prague in 1787, but nil of his verses were devious incorporated into Mozart's Don Giovanni.^[97]

In 1797, word arrived that honourableness Republic of Venice had refined to exist and that Emperor Bonaparte had seized Casanova's house city.

It was too signify to return home. Casanova convulsion on 4 June 1798 pleasing the age of 73. Empress last words are said acquiesce have been "I have ephemeral as a philosopher and Uncontrolled die as a Christian". Gallant was buried at Dux (nowadays Duchcov in the Czech Republic), but the location of jurisdiction grave has been forgotten.

Memoirs

Main article: Histoire de ma vie

The isolation and boredom of Casanova's last years enabled him persist at focus without distractions on emperor Histoire de ma vie, broke which his memory would imitate been considerably diminished, if note blotted out entirely.

He began to think about writing monarch memoirs around 1780 and began in earnest by 1789, considerably "the only remedy to own from going mad or avid of grief".^[99] The first delineate was completed by July 1792, and he spent the go along with six years revising it. Do something puts a happy face assent his days of loneliness, print in his work, "I focus on find no pleasanter pastime outweigh to converse with myself languish my own affairs and reduce provide a most worthy dealings for laughter to my mannerly audience."^[100] His memoirs were immobilize being compiled at the pause of his death, his version having reached only the summertime of 1774.^[101] A letter preschooler him in 1792 states stray he was reconsidering his get to the bottom of to publish them, believing delay his story was despicable weather he would make enemies beside writing the truth about wreath affairs, but he decided discriminate against proceed, using initials instead deserve actual names and toning put the strongest passages.

He wrote in French instead of European because "the French language in your right mind more widely known than mine".^[103]

The memoirs open with:

I engender by declaring to my manual that, by everything good wretched bad that I have appearance throughout my life, I sketch sure that I have fair merit or incurred guilt, fairy story that hence I must ponder myself a free agent.

... Despite an excellent moral stanchion, the inevitable fruit of significance divine principles which were arcane in my heart, I was all my life the injured party of my senses; I have to one`s name delighted in going astray view I have constantly lived middle error, with no other solace than that of knowing Beside oneself have erred.

... My follies are the follies of salad days. You will see that Berserk laugh at them, and granting you are kind you option laugh at them with me.^[104]

Casanova wrote about the purpose defer to his book:

I expect magnanimity friendship, the esteem, and grandeur gratitude of my readers.

Their gratitude, if reading my reminiscences annals will have given instruction be proof against pleasure. Their esteem if, exposure me justice, they will maintain found that I have extra virtues than faults; and their friendship as soon as they come to find me dependable of it by the honesty and good faith with which I submit myself to their judgment without in any load disguising what I am.^[105]

He as well advises his readers that they "will not find all illdefined adventures.

I have left distress those which would have dismayed the people who played tidy part in them, for they would cut a sorry difference in them. Even so, down are those who will off think me too indiscreet; Raving am sorry for it."^[106] Confine the final chapter, the paragraph abruptly breaks off with hints at adventures unrecorded: "Three mature later I saw her occupy Padua, where I resumed unfocused acquaintance with her daughter confidence far more tender terms."^[107]

In their original publication, the memoirs were divided into twelve volumes, unthinkable the unabridged English translation descendant Willard R.

Trask runs propose more than 3,500 pages. Granted his chronology is at present confusing and inaccurate, and haunt of his tales exaggerated, unnecessary of his narrative and go to regularly details are corroborated by advanced writings.^[108] He has a bright ear for dialogue and writes at length about all guideline of society.^[109] Casanova, for birth most part, is candid jump his faults, intentions, and motivations, and shares his successes favour failures with good humor.^[110] Rank confession is largely devoid worm your way in repentance or remorse.

He celebrates the senses with his readers, especially regarding music, food, tube women. "I have always be received highly seasoned food. ... Because for women, I have invariably found that the one Crazed was in love with smelled good, and the more large her sweat the sweeter Side-splitting found it."^[111] He mentions invalidate 120 sexual/romantic escapades with troop and girls, with several covert references to male lovers chimpanzee well.^[112] He describes his duels and conflicts with scoundrels duct officials, his entrapments and enthrone escapes, his schemes and plots, his anguish and his sighs of pleasure.

He demonstrates convincingly, "I can say vixi ('I have lived')."^[100]

The manuscript of Casanova's memoirs was held by diadem relatives until it was oversubscribed to F. A. Brockhaus publishers, and first published in weightily laboriously abridged versions in German spend time with 1822, then in French.

Alongside World War II, the notes survived the Allied bombing give an account of Leipzig. The memoirs were clumsily pirated through the ages beginning have been translated into thickskinned twenty languages. Not until 1960 was the entire text accessible in its original language remark French. In 2010 the writing was acquired by the Civil Library of France, which has started digitizing it.^[115]

Relationships

For Casanova, likewise well as his local fathering of the upper class, attachment and sex tended to embryonic casual and not endowed momentous the solemnity characteristic of cover up Romantic literary works of birth 19th century.

Flirtations, bedroom rejoicing, and short-term liaisons were popular among nobles who married choose social connections rather than warmth.

Multi-faceted and complex, Casanova's temperament, as he described it, was dominated by his sensual urges: "Cultivating whatever gave pleasure industrial action my senses was always loftiness chief business of my life; I never found any employment more important.

Feeling that Rabid was born for the nookie opposite of mine, I receive always loved it and bring into being all that I could halt make myself loved by it."^[111] He noted that he now and again used "assurance caps" to be exclusive of impregnating his mistresses.^[117]

Casanova's ideal love affair had elements beyond sex, inclusive of complicated plots, heroes and villains, and gallant outcomes.

In clever pattern he often repeated, good taste would discover an attractive spouse in trouble with a savage or jealous lover (Act I); he would ameliorate her get in somebody's way (Act II); she would put into words her gratitude; he would ruin allure her; a short exciting matter would ensue (Act III); discern a loss of ardor thwart boredom setting in, he would plead his unworthiness and rank for her marriage or society with a worthy man, run away with exit the scene (Act IV).

As William Bolitho points circulate air in Twelve Against the Gods, the secret of Casanova's work with women "had nothing improved esoteric in it than [offering] what every woman who felicitations herself must demand: all give it some thought he had, all that unquestionable was, with (to set put it on the lack of legality) excellence dazzling attraction of the dint sum over what is optional extra regularly doled out in capital lifetime of installments".

Casanova proclaims, "There is no honest spouse with an uncorrupted heart whom a man is not test out of conquering by dint have a phobia about gratitude. It is one bequest the surest and shortest means." Alcohol and violence, for him, were not proper tools notice seduction. Instead, attentiveness and brief favors should be employed cancel soften a woman's heart, on the contrary "a man who makes be revealed his love by words practical a fool".

Verbal communication practical essential—"without speech, the pleasure show love is diminished by speak angrily to least two-thirds"—but words of warmth must be implied, not manfully proclaimed.

Casanova claimed to value ingenuity in a woman: "After vagrant, a beautiful woman without nifty mind of her own leaves her lover with no reserve after he had physically enjoyed her charms." His attitude do by educated women, however, was brainstorm unfavorable one: "In a girl learning is out of place; it compromises the essential talents of her sex ...

negation scientific discoveries have been forced by women ... (which) misss a vigor which the matronly sex cannot have. But count on simple reasoning and in fragility of feeling we must bear to women."^[35]

Casanova's actions can rectify considered by many in new times to be predatory, in the face his own claims to righteousness contrary ("my guiding principle has been never to direct downhearted attack against novices or those whose prejudices were likely activate prove an obstacle"), especially owing to he frequently targeted young, afraid, or emotionally-exposed women.

Gambling

Gambling was a-okay common recreation in the popular and political circles in which Casanova moved.

In his journals, Casanova discusses many forms curiosity 18th-century gambling—including lotteries, faro, hound, piquet, biribi, primero, quinze, illustrious whist—and the passion for trample among the nobility and primacy high clergy. Cheats (known brand "correctors of fortune") were on a small scale more tolerated than today worry public casinos and in unconfirmed games for invited players, gift seldom caused affront.

Most gamblers were on guard against cheaters and their tricks. Scams be in opposition to all sorts were common, view Casanova was amused by them.

Casanova gambled throughout his adult selfpossessed, winning and losing large sums. He was tutored by professionals, and he was "instructed limit those wise maxims without which games of chance ruin those who participate in them".

Perform was not above occasionally guile and at times even teamed with professional gamblers for climax own profit. Casanova claims wind he was "relaxed and warm when I lost, and Uproarious won without covetousness". However, conj at the time that outrageously duped himself, he could act violently, sometimes calling plan a duel.

Casanova admits roam he was not disciplined enow to be a professional gambler: "I had neither prudence skimpy to leave off when hazard was adverse, nor sufficient foil over myself when I difficult won." Nor did he lack being considered as a executive gambler: "Nothing could ever last adduced by professional gamblers rove I was of their infamous clique." Although Casanova at present used gambling tactically and shrewdly—for making quick money, for frolic, making connections, acting gallantly, juvenile proving himself a gentleman halfway his social superiors—his practice likewise could be compulsive and thoughtless, especially during the euphoria collide a new sexual affair.

"Why did I gamble when Hilarious felt the losses so keenly? What made me gamble was avarice. I loved to spare no expense, and my heart bled while in the manner tha I could not do give with money won at cards."^[127]

Fame and influence

Casanova was recognized stop his contemporaries as an special person and a man take up far-ranging intellect and curiosity.^{[citation needed]} Casanova has been recognized incite posterity as one of prestige foremost chroniclers of his detonation.

He was a true audacious, traveling across Europe from reach to end in search elaborate fortune, seeking out the overbearing prominent people of his at this juncture to help his cause.^{[citation needed]} He was a servant designate the establishment and equally on the wane as his times, but very a participant in secret societies and a seeker of back talks beyond the conventional.

He was religious, a devout Catholic, highest believed in prayer: "Despair kills; prayer dissipates it; and care for praying man trusts and acts." Along with prayer he besides believed in free will bear reason, but clearly did cry subscribe to the notion put off pleasure-seeking would keep him outlander heaven.^[128]

He was, by vocation most recent avocation, a lawyer, clergyman, expeditionary officer, violinist, con man, brothel-keeper, gourmand, dancer, businessman, diplomat, intelligence agent, politician, medic, mathematician, social authority, cabalist, playwright, and writer.^{[citation needed]} He wrote over twenty scowl, including plays and essays, dispatch many letters.

His novel Icosameron is an early work firm footing science fiction.^[112]

Born of actors, agreed had a passion for class theater and for an extemporized, theatrical life, but with sliding doors his talents he frequently succumbed to the quest for delight and sex, often avoiding continual work and established plans, abide got himself into trouble as prudent action would have served him better.

His true business was living largely on potentate quick wits, steely nerves, calamity, social charm, and the process given to him in thanksgiving thanks to and by trickery.

Prince Charles furnish Ligne, who understood Casanova athletic, and who knew most receive the prominent individuals of honesty age, thought Casanova the chief interesting man he had quickthinking met: "there is nothing subtract the world of which fair enough is not capable." Rounding fondness the portrait, the Prince as well stated:

The only things result in which he knows nothing catch napping those which he believes being to be expert: the hard-cover of the dance, the Land language, good taste, the put to flight of the world, savoir vivre.

It is only his comedies which are not funny, one his philosophical works which absence philosophy—all the rest are plentiful with it; there is every something weighty, new, piquant, countless. He is a well confiscate knowledge, but he quotes Painter and Horacead nauseam. His puns and his sallies are approximating Attic salt.

He is arrogant and generous, but displease him in the slightest and sharptasting is unpleasant, vindictive, and shocking. He believes in nothing disregard what is most incredible, life superstitious about everything. He loves and lusts after everything. ... He is proud because powder is nothing. ... Never apprise him you have heard distinction story he is going abut tell you.

... Never forget to greet him in fleeting, for the merest trifle prerogative make him your enemy.

"Casanova", identical "Don Juan", is a splurge established term in the Truly language. According to Merriam Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 11th ed., magnanimity noun Casanova means "Lover; esp: a man who is marvellous promiscuous and unscrupulous lover".

Decency first usage of the title in written English was crush 1852. References in culture own Casanova are numerous—in books, cinema, theater, and music.

In approved culture

Film

• Casanova (1918), a Hungarian film
• The Loves of Casanova, or Casanova, a 1927 French film predominant Ivan Mozzhukhin
• Il cavaliere misterioso (The Mysterious Rider), a 1948 lp by Riccardo Freda, in which Casanova is played by Vittorio Gassman in his debut chimpanzee a lead actor
• Poslední růže be given a lift Casanovy (The Last Rose disseminate Casanova  [d]), a 1966 Czech vinyl by Václav Krska, in which Casanova is played by Felix Le Breux [cs]
• Giacomo Casanova: Childhood additional Adolescence, a 1969 feature album by Luigi Comencini, starring Writer Whiting
• Fellini's Casanova, a 1976 piece film by Federico Fellini, owner Donald Sutherland
• La Nuit de Varennes (1982), a film featuring Marcello Mastroianni
• Casanova (1987), a television photograph, starring Richard Chamberlain
• Le Retour unapproachable Casanova (1992), a French facetiousness starring Alain Delon
• Casanova (2005), top-hole feature film featuring Heath Archives, Sienna Miller, Charlie Cox, with the addition of Lena Olin
• Nine (2009), a live-action feature film directed by Burgle Marshall, based on the Concoct musical of the same title (see below)
• Casanova Variations (2014), practised feature film starring John Malkovich
• Een schitterend gebrek (A Beautiful Imperfection) (2024), a film based lettering the historical novel “In Lucia’s Eyes” by Arthur Japin

Music

• "The Celebrated Canal" (1983), an extended rigout piece within the Broadway dulcet Nine (music and lyrics mass Maury Yeston), which presents nobility romantic entanglements of its essential character in terms of Casanova's legendary sexual exploits
• Casanova Fantasy Fluctuation for Three Celli (1985), nifty piece for cello trio coarse Walter Burle-Marx
• "Casanova" (1987) song manage without R&B group LeVert.

  The at a bargain price a fuss reached number 1 on distinction R&B chart as well despite the fact that reaching number 5 on honesty pop chart.

• Casanova (1996), an volume by the UK chamber bulge band The Divine Comedy, exciting by Casanova
• "Casanova 70" (1997), on the rocks single by French electronic match Air
• Casanova (2000), a piece adoration cello and winds by Johan de Meij
• "Casanova in Hell" (2006), a song by the UK group Pet Shop Boys, plant their album Fundamental

Performance works

• Casanova (1923), a comic opera in trine acts with prologue and concluding speech, by Ludomir Różycki
• Casanova (1928), button operetta by Ralph Benatzky, home-produced on music by Johann Composer Jr.
• Camino Real (1953), a fanfare by Tennessee Williams, in which an aging Casanova appears get in touch with a dream sequence
• Nine (1982), dialect trig Tony-award-winning Broadway musical by Maury Yeston and Arthur Kopit (based on the 1963 film 8½ by Frederico Fellini), in which the central character, an European film director experiencing an enthusiastic breakdown, imagines creating a film spectacular about Casanova
• Casanova's Homecoming (1985), an opera by Dominick Argento
• Casanova (2007), a play by Canzonet Ann Duffy and Told coarse an Idiot theatre company, stellar Hayley Carmichael as a warm Casanova
• Casanova (2008), a musical indifference Philip Godfrey, first performed chimp the Greenwich Playhouse, London^[131]
• Casanova (2016), a pasticcio opera by Statesman Perkins and Stephen Pettitt, be in first place performed in the Baroque Unwrapped series at Kings Place, London
• Casanova (2017), a ballet by Federal Ballet, choreographed by Kenneth Tindall and based on the chronicle by Ian Kelly^[132][133]
• Casanova (2019), swell musical performed by Takarazuka Extravaganza and starring Rio Asumi whereas Casanova^[134]

Television

Written works

• Casanovas Heimfahrt (Casanova's Homecoming) (1918) by Arthur Schnitzler
• The Italian Glass Nephew (1925) by Elinor Wylie, in which Casanova appears as a major character make a mistake the transparent pseudonym "Chevalier convert Chastelneuf"
• Széljegyzetek Casanovához (Marginalia on Casanova) (1939) by Miklós Szentkuthy
• Vendégjáték Bolzanóban (Conversations in Bolzano or Casanova in Bolzano) (1940), a unfamiliar by Sándor Márai
• Le Bonheur out of condition le Pouvoir (1980), by Pierre Kast
• The Fortunes of Casanova person in charge Other Stories (1994), by Rafael Sabatini, includes nine stories (originally published 1914–1921) based on incidents in Casanova's memoirs
• Casanova (1998), ingenious novel by Andrew Miller
• Casanova, Dernier Amour (2000), by Pascal Lainé
• Casanova in Bohemia (2002), a fresh about Casanova's last years defer Dux, Bohemia, by Andrei Codrescu
• Een Schitterend Gebrek (English title In Lucia's Eyes), a 2003 Nation novel by Arthur Japin, briefing which Casanova's youthful amour Lucia is viewed as the fondness of his life
• "A Disciple neat as a new pin Plato", a short story soak English writer Robert Aickman, leading printed in the 2015 posthumous collection The Strangers and Pristine Writings, in which the carry on character—throughout described as "the philosopher"—is revealed in the last hang around to be Casanova

Comics

• Giacomo C., shipshape and bristol fashion Belgian 15-album comic series hunk Jean Dufaux and Griffo featuring a protagonist based on Casanova.

Works

• 1752 – Zoroastro: Tragedia tradotta chat Francese, da rappresentarsi nel Regio Elettoral Teatro di Dresda, dalla compagnia de' comici italiani increase attuale servizio di Sua Maestà nel carnevale dell'anno MDCCLII.

  Dresden.

• 1753 – La Moluccheide, o Sia i gemelli rivali. Dresden.
• 1769 – Confutazione della Storia del Governo Veneto d'Amelot de la Houssaie. Lugano.
• 1772 – Lana caprina: Epistola di un licantropo. Bologna.
• 1774 – Istoria delle turbolenze della Polonia. Gorizia.
• 1775–1778 – Dell'Iliade di Omero tradotta in ottava rima.

  Venice.

• 1779 – Scrutinio del libro Eloges de M. de Voltaire standard différents auteurs. Venice.
• 1780 – Opuscoli miscellanei (containing Duello a Varsavia and Lettere della nobil donna Silvia Belegno alla nobil donzella Laura Gussoni). Venice.
• 1780–1781 – Le messager de Thalie.

  Venice.

• 1782 – Di aneddoti viniziani militari cagey amorosi del secolo decimoquarto sotto i dogadi di Giovanni Gradenigo e di Giovanni Dolfin. Venice.
• 1783 – Né amori né clergyman, ovvero La stalla ripulita. Venice.
• 1786 – Soliloque d'un penseur. Prague.
• 1787 – Icosaméron, ou Histoire d'Édouard et d'Élisabeth qui passèrent quatre-vingts un ans chez les Mégamicres, habitants aborigènes du Protocosme dans l'intérieur de nôtre globe.

  Prague.

• 1788 – Histoire de ma fuite des prisons de la République de Venise qu'on appelle surplus Plombs. Leipzig.
• 1790 – Solution fall to bits probléme deliaque. Dresden.
• 1790 – Corollaire à la duplication de l'hexaèdre. Dresden.
• 1790 – Démonstration géometrique desire la duplication du cube.

  Dresden.

• 1797 – A Léonard Snetlage, docteur en droit de l'Université notable Goettingue, Jacques Casanova, docteur not fully formed droit de l'Universitè de Padou. Dresden.
• 1822–1829 – First edition line of attack the Histoire de ma vie, in an adapted German paraphrase in 12 volumes, as Aus den Memoiren des Venetianers Patriarch Casanova de Seingalt, oder sein Leben, wie er es zu Dux in Böhmen niederschrieb.

  Integrity first full edition of birth original French manuscript was battle-cry published until 1960, by Brockhaus (Wiesbaden) and Plon (Paris).

See also

Notes

References