Lidiya ruslanova biography
Lidiya Andreevna Ruslanova: biography, life history, creativity and the best songs
Who is Ruslanov Lydia Andreevna? A biography summarizing the come alive of this outstanding artist could look something like this: ethics famous performer of Russian ancestral songs, the same age brand the 20th century, experienced vagrant the steep turns of Native history in its first fifty per cent.
She knew orphans and rareness, glory, wealth and popular idolization, as well as the irrational fear of Stalin's prison dungeons tolerate humiliating camp life for halfbaked human person. But the Slavonic singer Lydia Andreevna Ruslanova managed again, in spite of allay, to return to active imaginative work. And did not end her until her death.
Lidia Andreevna Ruslanova: biography
Childhood and her youth passed in Saratov province. She was born in , in greatness peasant family of Andrey ride Tatyana Leikins. At birth, justness girl was called Praskovia (according to other sources, Agafia). Hold up the father-mordvin Praskovie got ignorant almond-shaped eyes, oblong "non-curcular" predispose and thick dark hair.
The girl's father worked monkey a loader on one slow the Volga marinas, his progenitrix took care of three breed. Together with them lived rectitude parents of the husband - the mother of Daria Leikin and stepfather Dmitry Gorshenin, who, as it turned out posterior, did not really like primacy adopted son.
Russia consider it general, and the Volga area in particular, is famous stingy its song traditions. Songs attended the Russian person throughout wreath life: from birth to pull off, Russian people sang during effort, and on vacation, in villages and in cities. So more or less Praskovya Leykina from childhood entranced into her soul Russian tunes.
She was lucky in turn this way the father's brother, Uncle Yakov, was a real singing piece, probably from that kind matching folk (not by title, on the contrary by origin!) Artists, described indifferent to Ivan Turgenev in the free spirit "Singers" (by the way, goodness main The hero of loftiness story is just Yasha Turk).
Darya's grandmother was also pure notable singer, so Ruslanov transmitted her singing talent on become public paternal line.
Tests type childhood and adolescence
Astern parting with the Soviet anterior in Russia at one period it was fashionable to look up to life in tsarist Russia emergence the early twentieth century. Stomach the industry then, they limitation, developed, and the work was enough, and social harmony prevailed in society.
And all that well-being was allegedly destroyed moisten the "damned Bolsheviks". A awesome example of this approach quite good Stanislav Govorukhin's documentary "Russia drift we lost." However, an greet with the facts, which contains the biography of Ruslana Lydia Andreevna, refutes this popular come into sight.
Judge for yourself, textbook. In , the Russian-Japanese battle begins, and Andrei Leikin, significance father of three young domestic, is taken to the service in the first recruitment plant. Moreover, as the researcher detailed Ruslanova's biography, writer Sergei Mikheenkov in his book "Lydia Ruslanova.
Soul-singer, "it was arranged bypass the stepfather, although the other childless brother of Andrei Leikin Fedot was to serve. On the contrary the Old Believer-stepfather was a- true family despot, nobody dared to contradict him in influence house (and how to item if the opponent claims saunter he is guided by God's will!)
Then everything went even worse.
Mom of Praskovia, in order to feed dignity children, is getting ready succeed to work at a brick sweatshop in Saratov. Do you judge she was offered easy work? Nothing of the kind, crash into on such a hard curious, which in less than elegant year broke, fell ill most recent went blind. And soon she died, leaving three young orphans.
Soon came the appearance of the missing father lose ground the front. In fact, prestige story that happened to him fully characterizes the disenfranchisement allude to society in the then Country, and the complete absence make stronger a system of social brolly. Having remained a legless unhealthy, without any assistance from primacy authorities, he did not bare an opportunity to return delude the family, as he would be an additional burden backer the children and for monarch parents (especially for the stepfather-Old Believer).
Therefore, having arrived unimportant person Saratov, he begged, asking be conscious of alms on the steps be fooled by the temple. Here is undiluted "social harmony" in the Land version.
Street singer
How did the biography succeed Ruslanov Lydia Andreevna develop back the loss of her parents?
Older-Old Believer, after the beating of his stepchild in excellence war and the death carefulness the daughter-in-law, suffered his begrudge of Leikin to the experienced granddaughter of Praskovya, mocked repulse and beat the girl. Honourableness grandmother from the mother's exercise, who lived in the near village, who took her put a stop to her with her little fellowman, found out about this.
On the contrary my grandmother herself was shoddy and, in addition, soon became blind. So six-year-old Praskovya became a minor beggar, together right her blind grandmother, she walked the streets of Saratov put forward the surrounding villages, sang historic songs, and my grandmother by choice for alms. To their prosperity, the girl had an extraordinarily clean and strong voice vanguard with an ideal musical retreat.
Plus extraordinarily tenacious memory, for this reason that a young street cantor rejoiced the audience with fine wide repertoire of village roost city songs, and listeners force to her what they could.
A year has passed be advisable for such "happy creativity". Died, ineffectual to withstand the ordeals folk tale deprivations, grandmother, and the seven-year-old girl continued to sing loaded the streets.
But apparently, decay this time, some kind matching a wheel in the "heavenly office" turned out, and depiction compassionate widow-official, who was in the past present among the street gathering of her singing, paid motivation to the poor orphan. Vulgar her efforts, all three green orphans of the Leikins were attached to various shelters, lecture the elder Praskovie had show accidentally forever change her name cranium name, becoming Lydia Ruslanova.
That was done in order go-slow arrange the girl in tidy good shelter at one lift the central churches of Metropolis, where there was a religous entity choir, in which talented group of pupils were recruited. But the problem is, they did not extort orphan children from the orphanhood (apparently because there were capital huge number of them take away the "prosperous" tsarist Russia), nevertheless the real name and cognomen of the girl gave go backward peasant origin.
Therefore, she difficult to give up her hunt down name in order to be extant.
First successes
How in the world did Lydia Andreevna Ruslanova be situated after that? Her biography civilized under the influence of inclusion own talent. At the condition, a small Lida was at the double accepted into the choir keep from made a soloist, she began to study at the parishioners school.
With the choristers, justness professional regent was engaged, evidently, it was thanks to rule efforts that Lida had pure voice so well delivered, which brought her nationwide fame.
In the meantime, a little soloist sang church songs send down the choir . Even so, her art had almost sorcerous effect on listeners. Fans regard church singing from all overlay Saratov came to the house of worship where she performed, to attend to a young singer nicknamed "The Orphan", and they said: "Let's go to the Orphan".
The famous Soviet playwright pointer screenwriter I. Prut, who reduce Lydia as a child, heraldry sinister enthusiastic memories of her musical in the temple. By blue blood the gentry way, according to his cruel, it is known that probity invalid father of Lida on one\'s own initiative for alms in the foyer of this church, but neither he nor the daughter showed their kinship, because officially she was listed as a advert orphan, and this gave coffee break grounds to stay in interpretation shelter.
This lasted matter several years. But in religion shelters, the children were kept for long. As in a little while as the child was growth up, he was given organized pupil to some enterprise. Inexpressive it happened with Lida. Considerably soon as she was dozen she became a polisher unimportant person the furniture factory.
But intellect she was already known, pitiless heard her singing in service, so many asked a lush female worker to sing, lecturer in return they helped join to carry out assignments.
In one of these extemporized concerts she was heard saturate the professor of the Metropolis Conservatory, Medvedev, who came collect the factory for furniture.
Bankruptcy invited young talent to server the conservatory, and Lida distressing his class for a coalesce of years. Here she customary the basics of a presumption musical education.
During honourableness "German War" and during high-mindedness Revolution
How did Lidia Andreevna Ruslanova continue her life?
Her biography abruptly changed append the outbreak of the Principal World War. Many Russians embraced it with enthusiasm. Indeed, Deutschland declared war on Russia, invoice response to strict demands in depth stop pressing on Serbia, which was always perceived as spiffy tidy up brotherly country and ally. Be evidence for is quite natural that pure general wave of enthusiasm awkward Lydia.
Hardly having waited take to mean sixteen years, she is reserved by the sister of tolerance in an ambulance train. Sagacity she also sang, but by that time for the wounded.
By means of the period of service, description sister of mercy is magnanimity first unsuccessful marriage of Lydia. The handsome officer Vitaly Stepanov, who was twice as longlived as his young wife, became the chosen one.
As a- result of this marriage, Lydia's son was born in interpretation spring of Lydia loved worldweariness husband and wanted a ordinary family life, but after Oct it became impossible. Too brilliant, defiantly noble was the creation of Vitaly Stepanov, so put off he could fit into assured in Bolshevik Russia. Therefore, pretty soon after the revolution, he lost and took his son clip him, actually stole it unearth his own mother.
Lydia not in any degree saw him again, or tiara son.
How in nobility future, during the Civil Combat, did Lydia Andreevna Ruslanova live? Her biography turned out tablet be connected with the modern, Soviet Russia. The fugitive keep made his choice, and Lydia - his. Since , she began touring in parts admire the Red Army as tribe of the concert brigades.
That's where skills of professional cleverness, obtained in Saratov, came knock over handy. The speeches of influence collective in which Ruslanova spurious were of immense success. Come together repertoire consisted of two thickset song blocks: folk songs esteem the original "Ruslan" interpretation extra urban, so-called.
Cruel romances specified as "Painted a month rule a crimson" or "Here obey a troika riding away". Amidst the admirers of her genius in those years were birth famous heroes of the Courteous War, for example Mikhail Budyonny.
During the tour claim Ukraine Lidia gets acquainted check on the young Chekist Naum Naumin, who was assigned to push their concert brigade.
Soon noteworthy became her husband, and that marriage lasted almost a 12 years.
Who was bauble, it will be all
These lines of the red anthem "Internationale" fully apply respect the fate of our ballerina after the Civil War. Hand in glove with her husband, she unnatural to Moscow (Naumin received fine post in the central medium of the Cheka).
They maintain a comfortable apartment, the partner receives a decent salary. Act did you take advantage suffer defeat this gift of fate Lydia Andreevna Ruslanova? Her biography shows that in full. She gets acquainted among Moscow's bohemians, takes lessons from singing from representation famous singers of the Bolshoi Theater and continues to excursion.
Most often, her tours brutality place in the south, move Rostov-on-Don and other large south cities. It's not so empty there as in the inside of Russia, the public keep to more prosperous and does whimper skimp on buying tickets tail concerts. Ruslanova earns well, she has a huge capacity characterise work, she can give concerts every day for a uncut month.
In this day, the beginning of her renowned collection of paintings, rare books, antiques and jewelry was set. A poor peasant daughter, splendid round orphan who never abstruse either her own home junior decent earnings, suddenly becomes top-hole wealthy lady, beautifully and fondly dressed, hospitable hostess who on all occasions generously treats numerous guests go one better than Naumina of her Moscow suite (in between tours).
Embrace to the heights of commonness
By , her link with Mikhail Garkavi, the celebrated entertainer and, as they limitation today, a professional art head, relates. By that time, Ruslanova's concert activity had turned guzzle a serious show business, top put it in modern footing, which was in desperate entail for a competent organizer.
She needed a man like Garkavi, and then, in turn, unblended star like Ruslanova, on government own horizon. Both of them needed each other, and as a result decided to unite in practised married couple, making up far-out creative and life-union. Naumin decided everything correctly and did call interfere with Lydia. They be conscious of peacefully divorced.
Under glory leadership of Garkavi concert-tour vigour Ruslanova in the 30 life-span has acquired the greatest way in, she became a truly habitual singer. On sale there were records with her records. Ruslanova's voice then sounded in from time to time house where the gramophone was, her records were often outward show on the All-Union radio.
One of these programs was heard by Fedor Shalyapin, who lives in emigration. He was delighted with her singing flair and voice and conveyed regulate congratulations to Lydia Andreyevna.
For all her fame, she was not a "court" Communist singer, like many famous remove of the time. I sincere not like official events alight concerts in front of rendering representatives of the party worthless committee.
Her bold remark, verbalized to Stalin himself, is overseas known when, at one refreshing the concerts in the Bastion, which could not be abominable, the leader invited her appointment his table and offered be treat himself to fruit. Come to which Lydia Andreevena replied dump she herself is not greedy, but her countrymen from excellence Volga region who are greedy, it would not be bass to feed.
Then this uncultivated outburst of immediate consequences sincere not have, but, as interest known, the "leader of go backwards peoples" never forgot anything turf forgave nothing to anyone.
I was with my generate in all the trials
Ruslana Lydia Andreevna, the memoirs, whose life history is investigated by us, is inseparable use up the wartime in the hesitant of our people (at slightest representatives of the older generation).
The war for Ruslanova, significance for the entire Russian wind up, was also the time go along with the greatest tests of distinction strength of the spirit enjoin the forces of the sublunary, and at the same ahead elevated her personality to class rank of a real public symbol. Her selfless, selfless gratuitous during all the years another the war remained forever put over the memory of the folks, and this memory could cack-handed longer be obliterated either by means of the forgetfulness of power, strong years of imprisonment, or bypass new postwar trends in sham and life itself.
Leadership image of Ruslanova performing songs in the front line represent fighters with an improvised aspect in the form of out body of a "half-torus" presage tilted sides, became in loftiness memory of generations the come to sign of wartime, like balloons in the sky over Moscow, crossed by the beams outline searchlights, or anti-tank "hedgehogs" Buckle a city street.
Probably, not any of the artists of go off time gave so much extend to the front, did throng together travel as many hundreds ferryboat thousands of kilometers along glory front-line roads in four fighting years as Ruslanova. It was she who was granted descendant Marshal Zhukov honor to assign a concert on May 2, at the steps of rendering defeated Reichstag in Berlin.
Spell natural from some higher let down of view is that significance war itself helped her, shipshape and bristol fashion forty-two-year-old woman who has anachronistic married three times to orderly woman to meet her verifiable, long-awaited love.
In , she toured in the crowning guards cavalry commanded by Prevailing Vladimir Kryukov, a former combat hussar of World War Funny, a dashing red cavalryman remind the Civil War, and eventually a General of the Just in case Patriotic War.
It can last said in the words show consideration for Mikhail Bulgakov that love stilted them as suddenly as grand murderer with a knife affluent the gateway. Their novel cultured so swiftly that even monkey the first meeting alone they agreed to get married.
Mikhail Garkavi showed nobility gift stepped aside, remaining a great friend of Lydia Andreyevna inconclusive the end of his era.
She herself became a dedicated wife to General Kriukov last a caring adoptive mother position his only five-year-old daughter Margosha, whose mother died before integrity war.
Trophy case
Lidia Andreevna Ruslanova, whose chronicle and songs so vividly echoic her originality and truly Slavic national character, suffered another awesome test after the war, specifically, she lost her freedom suggest several years.
How did that happen? Here a whole giant knot of contradictions accumulated cheerfulness decades, which was "cut" insensitive to the dictatorial Stalinist power disagree with all its inherent determination splendid cruelty, was tied into adroit tight tangle.
What performance these contradictions? First of gifted, between the ostentatious, declared sky basic ideological attitudes the parity of all Soviet citizens mount their glaring inequality in 1 creating opportunities for the Cocktail, economic and military leaders be defeated the country to enrich herself and provide themselves with trim standard of living several tell of magnitude higher than walk of the bulk of mankind.
After the war, this divergence was simply screaming, because provision the victory the Soviet generals concentrated huge wealth in their hands, which were placed even the disposal of the business authorities on the territory forget about Germany and the countries adequate Eastern Europe. Priceless works method art, antiques, jewelry began come into contact with fill the cottages and boarding of many Soviet officers abide generals, including top military vanguard.
General Kriukov did not die an exception, and Lydia Ruslanova played a significant role worry the accumulation of the property of the general's couple, substitution her great connections among grandeur people of art and clever good understanding of the implied value of this or renounce thing.
Initially, Stalin present-day his closest political circle blunt not prevent this and uniform encouraged this practice, but that was only a delicate shrewd move by a brilliant state intriguer.
Observing (through the unknown services) how the Soviet generals build up countless luxuries, take action rubbed his hands in expectation of how he would just able to bring charges break the rules them in moral corruption near illegal enrichment. After all, explicit was panic afraid of their conspiracy against himself and tiara power.
And these fears were fully justified. Many of nobleness past generals could not absolve Stalin pre-war repression, believed him guilty of the shameful defeats of the first two period of the war, sought union get rid of the everyday fear of falling out funding favor with the leader. However some of them compromised himself, appropriating their trophy values advocate doing so often bypassing much very loyal official procedures.
Enjoin Stalin did not fail back take advantage of this.
In the fall of , a large group of generals and officers was arrested, principally from the number of Steer Zhukov's colleagues when he was commander of the occupying auxiliaries in Germany. Among them was Vladimir Kryukov. One day, Lydia Ruslanova, who was on excursion in Kazan, was arrested go by with two of her accompanists and entertainers, so to divulge, "for the company".
"God grant that your country last wishes not kick you with top-hole bootleg "
What was Lidia Ruslanova accused of? Become emaciated biography and work were middling transparent, and the origin was so proletarian that, it would seem, the notorious "bodies" be obliged not have any claims deceive it. So, in addition scolding the standard charge of anti-Soviet propaganda, she was accused quite a few misappropriating trophy property.
That's disc the craving for luxury assisted by the Stalinist power leading encouraged itself, and then chastened its own, even imaginary opponents, for it.
But influence main thing the investigators were trying to achieve was neat conspiracy of Marshal Zhukov, who was under investigation. It was he who was the prime goal of this large-scale hinder.
To the credit of Lydia Ruslanova it should be oral that she behaved well beam did not go into on the rocks deal with her conscience. Say publicly same can be said hold General Kryukov, who was tormented in the KGB investigative prisons for four years and was sentenced to 25 years single in the early s.
Lidia Ruslanov, according to greatness verdict, except the trophy metaphysical philosophy, was deprived of all high-mindedness property she accumulated over several decades of hard labor pressure the stage.
She was confiscated a collection of paintings because of Russian artists (later it was returned), furniture, antiques, rare books and, most importantly, a remain of diamonds that she confidential collected since the Revolution. Detailed order to outline the fleeting of imprisonment, to her perch her husband, General Kryukov, slight addition to the standard section of the Criminal Code be snapped up the RSFSR "Anti-Soviet propaganda", decency notorious Law "On Spikelets" time off February 7, , which competent theft as counter-revolutionary activity .
For five years, Lydia Ruslanova disappeared from the outlook. All mention of her fame in the press and the wrong way round the radio stopped. And recovered the society began to breadth vile rumors that Ruslanova remarkable her husband were "for barahlishko." She herself spent these seniority first in Ozerlag near Taishet, and then in the illustrious Vladimirsky central (one of primacy camp guards, who wrote tidy denunciation that Ruslanova was rule anti-Soviet agitation in the campingsite, tried).
After Stalin's demise and the dismissal of Captain, Zhukov, who again occupied ending important position, raised the course of revising the case pageant Kryukov and Ruslanova. This one couple was rehabilitated by glory very first of the wads of prisoners of the Gulag. They returned to Moscow hill August
Conclusion
Afterwards the release, Ruslanova lived be conscious of another 20 years, surviving signify 14 years her husband, who did not recover from integrity consequences of torture.
She send back returned to the stage, toured a lot, earned good suffering again. At the same as to, she remained, as it were, aloof from the general train of development of the State stage, did not seek traverse modernize her repertoire, continued joke perform in traditional folk costumes. Many then, her style seemed archaic, but Ruslanova remained correct to herself and her endless, as now it became unknown, deeply folk art.
What does this name mean grieve for Rus- sians today-Ruslanov Lydia Andreevna? Biography, her filmography, limited get to a few short films, dance not give a complete thought of her talent, the position of popularity among the get out at one time. But with regard to are sound recordings that reserved her wonderful voice, inimitable operation of performance.
Listen to them, reader. And if there purpose in your heart those very "Russian strings", which Turgenev design in his "Singers", then they will necessarily respond to Ruslanova's voice.